政府干预下订单农业供应链农户融资模式选择研究

Research on Farmers’ Financing Mode Selection in Contract Farming Supply Chain under Government Intervention

农户“融资难”的问题一直困扰着我国农业现代化的发展。在考虑农户破产风险和政府提供风险补偿金的基础上,本文构建了由农户、公司和银行组成的订单农业供应链模型,比较分析了银行信贷融资和贸易信贷融资下的公司定价策略和农户生产决策,并进一步探究了政府风险补偿金政策对农户最优融资模式的影响。研究发现,政府提供风险补偿金可以增加农产品产量,还能提高消费者剩余。此外,通过数值分析发现,当政府担保力度较大时,农户应该选择银行信贷融资来实现增产增收;而若政府担保力度较小,则当产出风险较低时农户选择贸易信贷融资更优。当产出风险较高时,农户通过选择银行信贷融资能有效转移生产风险,从而获得更高的收益。

The issue of“difficulty with financing”for farmers is a significant bottleneck in the process of modernization of agriculture in China,directly related to the sustainable development of agriculture and increase in farmers’income.To address this challenge,the Chinese government has implemented a variety of policies to facilitate smooth financing for farmers,among which the agricultural loan risk compensation policy is a notable example.This risk compensation policy has effectively lowered the financing threshold for farmers,providing them with initial funding for the cultivation of agricultural products.Consequently,it has been beneficial to enhancing the income of farmers.However,in agricultural supply chain finance,there are two main financing models,trade credit financing and bank credit financing,presenting farmers with the dilemma of choosing a financing model.The formulation of government policies also needs to consider the performance of policies under different financing models.Therefore,this paper focuses on exploring the following questions:(1)What is the impact of different financing models on the output of agricultural products?(2)Under government risk compensation policies,which financing model should farmers choose to optimize their income?(3)How does social welfare change under different financing models,and how can both farmers and the government achieve a win-win situation?To address the above problem,this paper constructs a government-intervention“company+farmer”type order agriculture supply chain financing model based on the characteristics of government risk compensation and the stochastic output of agricultural products,analyzes and compares the impacts of bank credit financing and trade credit financing on farmers’production decisions and social welfare.The managerial implications of this paper include:(1)Under different financing models,the impact of government risk compensation policies on farmers’expansion of planting scale varies.In trade credit financing,government guarantees can reduce corporate borrowing risks,and encourage enterprises to increase their purchase prices and quantities of agricultural products.However,in the bank credit model,while government guarantees also reduce the borrowing risk for banks and lower loan interest rates,this may lead to a decrease in contract purchase prices.Nonetheless,the lower loan rates reduce the production costs for farmers,facilitating an expansion in planting scale.(2)Banks’risk aversion leads to higher loan interest rates and purchase prices,increasing the planting costs for farmers,which might suppress the expansion of planting scale.Compared to trade credit,bank credit can better help farmers transfer risk and expand their planting scale when output risk is higher.(3)Governments with ample budgets should prioritize promoting bank credit to increase farmers’income and social welfare.Under smaller guarantee intensities and lower risks,the government should guide farmers to choose the appropriate financing model based on the size of output risk and provide accurate meteorological information to support decision-making.Future research plans will delve into the specific impact of the initial capital size on farmers’production decisions,and analyze how different levels of initial capital affect the determination of agricultural production scale and government decision-making behavior.Furthermore,considering that farmers’attitudes towards risk significantly influence their production behavior during the decision-making process,future research will also incorporate farmers’risk aversion into the analytical framework of the model.