活性炭纤维/木棉复合针刺材料的制备及其海水淡化性能研究

Preparation of activated carbon fibers/kapok needle-punched composite for the application of seawater evaporation

随着人口数量剧增,人类社会对自然资源的需求不断增加,加上全球气候变化,特别是在土地干旱与内陆地区,淡水需求持续增加。文章利用针刺非织造技术制备活性炭纤维(activated carbon fiber,ACF)/木棉纤维(kapok fiber,KF)双层复合毡(activated carbon fiber/kapok fiber,CKF),得到纤维基太阳能界面蒸发器。其中,底层KF的疏水性保证了材料具有良好的自浮性,顶层ACF的亲水性能够将水分向上传输。考察了纤维基太阳能界面蒸发器的结构稳定性、亲水性、热管理性能对蒸汽产生性能的影响,并探究其对海水的净化能力。选用不同面密度木棉针刺毡与活性炭纤维毡进行针刺复合,经过工艺优化,将针刺密度设定为120次/m^(2),使得材料在300~2500 nm太阳光波段的吸收率高于95%。研究发现:选用面密度为200 g/m^(2)的木棉针刺毡与面密度为278 g/m^(2)的活性炭纤维毡进行针刺加固复合得到的材料,蒸汽产生性能最佳,在1.0 kW/m^(2)的光照强度下蒸发效率达到1.01 kg/(m^(2)·h),光热转换效率为65%,最高温度为64.6℃。研究结果可为高效太阳能水蒸发器的构筑提供新思路。

With the rapid increase in the human population,the demand for natural resources is rising,coupled with global climate change,especially in arid and inland areas where the demand for fresh water continues to grow.This study utilizes needle-punched nonwoven technology to prepare a fiber-based solar interface evaporator from activated carbon fiber(ACF)/kapok fiber(KF)double-layer composite felt(CKF).The hydrophobicity of the bottom KF layer ensures good self-buoyancy,while the hydrophilicity of the top ACF layer facilitates upward water transport.The influence of structural stability,hydrophilicity,and thermal management performance on the steam generation performance of the fiber-based solar interface evaporator was investigated,and its seawater purification capacity was explored.Different gram weights of kapok needled felt and activated carbon fiber felt were selected for needled composites.After process optimization,the needling density was set at 120 punches/m^(2),resulting in a solar absorption rate of over 95%in the 300-2500 nm wavelength range.The study found that the composite material,reinforced with 200 g/m^(2)kapok needled felt and 278 g/m^(2)activated carbon fiber felt,exhibited the best vapor generation performance.Under 1.0 kW/m^(2)illumination,the evaporation efficiency reached 1.01 kg/(m^(2)·h),the photothermal conversion efficiency was 65%,and the maximum temperature reached 64.6℃.The results provide new insights into the construction of high-efficiency solar water evaporators.