陕西延安地区耐寒竹种栽培试验

Cultivation of Cold-Resistant Bamboo Species in Yan'an,Shaanxi Province

陕北地区竹类引种栽培试验是在楼观台国有生态实验林场几十年“南竹北移”成果的基础上进一步向黄土高原延伸栽植的新尝试。采用耐寒性较强的13个竹种,在延安地区进行栽植试验。结果显示,延安地区栽植竹类,冬季防寒保暖措施至少应保持2年以上;在经历冬季-18~-23.8℃的低温后,竹株地上部分各器官不能正常越冬,第2年新笋能够正常出土,出笋时间比正常出笋时间推迟15~20 d,出笋期延长100 d;冬季低温使地下竹鞭尖端冻伤,竹鞭向前延伸缓慢,成林时间较长。试验初步认为,曲秆竹、筠竹、金镶玉竹、黄秆京竹、蓉城竹、早园竹、黄槽竹7个竹种具有较强的抗寒能力,可在延安地区适当环境下推广栽培。各竹种在陕北地区的生长表现仍需进行长时间的监测。

The bamboo introduction and cultivation in northern Shaanxi province is a new attempt by Louguantai State-owned Ecological Experimental Forest Station to extend the bamboo planting to the Loess Plateau based on the achievements of decades in the“introduction of bamboo species from south China to north China”.The experiment plants 13 bamboo species with strong cold-resistance in Yan'an area.The results show that when planting bamboo in Yan'an area,precautionary measures for wintering should be taken at least 2 years earlier.After going through a low temperature of-18.0-23.8℃in winter,the above-ground parts of the bamboo species plant cannot overwinter normally,but the bamboo species are able to shoot normally in the second year,only with the delay of the emergence time by 15-20 days and the extension of emergence period by 100 days compared to the normal emergence.The low temperature in winter causes the frost damage in the tips of underground bamboo rhizome and makes the rhizome extend slowly forward,resulting in a longer formation of forest.The experiment preliminarily concludes that the seven bamboo species,including Phyllostachys flexuosa,Ph.glauca cv.yuozhu,Ph.aureosulcata cv.spectabilis,Ph.aureosulcata cv.aureocaulis,Ph.bissetii,Ph.propinqua and Ph.aureosulcata,have strong cold resistance and can be widely cultivated in the appropriate environment of Yan'an area.The growth performance of each bamboo species in the northern area of Shaanxi still needs long-time monitoring.