纳米碳材料在低碳烷烃直接脱氢中应用的研究进展

Research Progress of Nanocarbon Materials for Direct Dehydrogenation of Light Alkanes

低碳烷烃直接脱氢是生产低碳烯烃的重要方式,其关键在于催化剂。纳米碳材料原料来源广泛、存在形式多样且结构可调变性强,获得了研究者们的广泛关注。基于纳米碳材料在低碳烷烃直接脱氢领域中的研究现状,总结了纳米碳催化剂及以纳米碳材料为载体的Pt/纳米碳催化剂催化低碳烷烃直接脱氢的反应机理,分析了元素掺杂、缺陷改性和形貌调控这3种修饰方式对纳米碳催化剂及Pt/纳米碳催化剂的电子结构、几何形貌及其脱氢性能的影响。未来可以结合原位表征和理论计算深入研究修饰方式的作用机理,指导制备脱氢性能优异的纳米碳催化剂及Pt/纳米碳催化剂,并通过系统研究催化剂成型及再生工艺推动催化剂的工业化应用。

Direct dehydrogenation of light alkanes is an important approach to produce light olefins,of which the key lies in catalysts.Owing to widely available raw materials,diverse forms of existence and structural adjustability,nanocarbon materials have received extensive attention from researchers.Based on the research status,the reaction mechanism of direct dehydrogenation of light alkanes catalyzed by nanocarbon-based catalysts and Pt/nanocarbon catalysts is summarized,and the effects of three modifications including element doping,defect modification and morphology modulation on the electronic structure,geometrical configuration and catalytic performance of nanocarbon-based catalysts and Pt/nanocarbon catalysts are analyzed.In the future,the action mechanism of each modification mode can be investigated in depth by combining in situ characterization and theoretical calculations,so as to guide the preparation of nanocarbon catalysts and Pt/nanocarbon catalysts with excellent dehydrogenation performance,and then promote the industrial application of catalysts through the systematic study of catalyst molding and regeneration process.