温室栽培对软枣猕猴桃叶片形态及叶绿素荧光特性的影响

Effects of greenhouse cultivation on leaf morphology and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of Actinidia arguta

【目的】深入研究温室栽培条件下软枣猕猴桃叶片的形态与叶绿素荧光特性,探明温室与露地栽培环境下叶片光形态建成的差异。【方法】以软枣猕猴桃品种‘佳绿’和‘魁绿’的5年生植株为试材,测定温室及露地栽培条件下不同叶龄叶片的叶绿素相对含量及叶绿素荧光参数,分析这些参数在温室与露地栽培条件下的差异。【结果】温室与露地栽培软枣猕猴桃的光形态建成均处于1~40 d叶龄间,不同栽培条件下的同一品种荧光特性趋于一致;花期后,不同栽培条件下的同一品种荧光特性差异较大。温室栽培的软枣猕猴桃叶片叶面积较大,叶绿素b含量较高,趋于阴生叶特性,以吸收光能为基础的性能指数等显著低于露地栽培,对光能的吸收捕获能力较强,但热耗散较高,用于电子传递的能量低于露地栽培,叶绿素荧光参数表现出对环境的适应性变化。【结论】软枣猕猴桃叶片的光形态建成时间为展叶后1~40 d,即在花期之前完成,不同栽培环境无明显差异;温室栽培软枣猕猴桃叶片的光形态建成与露地栽培具显著差异,叶面积明显增大;温室栽培在一定程度上改变了叶片的叶绿素荧光特性,降低了光合性能。

[Objective]The study aims to further study the leaf morphology and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of Actinidia arguta under greenhouse cultivation conditions,and to explore the differences of leaf photomorphogenesis between greenhouse and open field cultivation.[Methods]In this experiment,the 5-year-old plants of A.arguta varieties‘Jialv’and‘Kuilv’were used as test materials to determine the relative chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of leaves at different leaf ages under greenhouse and open field cultivation conditions.The differences in photomorphogenesis and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics under greenhouse and open field cultivation conditions were analyzed.[Results]The photomorphogenesis of A.arguta cultivated in greenhouse and open field was between 1-40 d leaf age,and the fluorescence characteristics of the same variety under different cultivation conditions tended to be consistent.After flowering,the fluorescence characteristics of the same variety under different cultivation conditions were quite different.The leaf area of A.arguta cultivated in greenhouse was larger and the content of chlorophyll b was higher,which was tending to shade leaf characteristics.The performance parameters such as PIabs were significantly lower than those of open field cultivation.The absorption and capture ability of light energy was stronger,but the heat dissipation was higher.The energy used for electron transfer was lower than that of open field cultivation,and the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters showed adaptive changes to the environment.[Conclusion]The photomorphogenesis time of A.arguta leaves is 1-40 days after leaf expansion,that is,before flowering.The photomorphogenesis of A.arguta leaves in greenhouse cultivation is different from open field cultivation,and the photosynthetic capacity is decreased slightly with the increase of leaf area.Greenhouse cultivation changes in the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of leaves to a certain extent and reduces photosynthetic performance.