科尔沁区域典型公路段建设沿线植被覆盖度演变规律研究

Study on the Evolution Law of Vegetation Coverage Along Typical Highway Section in Horqin Region

选取铁力-科尔沁右翼中旗高速公路吉林段(G1015)2003年(建设前)、2015年(建设中)、2021年(建设后)的Landsat8影像作为数据源,并基于缓冲区归一化植被指数(NDVI)、植被覆盖度(FVC)对G105线路段区域植被时空变化特征进行研究分析,结果表明:公路建设前,研究区范围内以中植被覆盖度为主,而公路建设期间以及公路建设完成以后,研究区范围内则转变为以低植被覆盖度为主.与公路建设前相比沿线周边环境低植被覆盖度所占面积比例增加了54.28%,中低植被覆盖度降低了10.64%,中植被覆盖度降低了16.48%.由此可见,高速公路建设对沿线周边环境植被产生影响严重.而建设完成后中等以上植被覆盖度增加了1.7%,植被覆盖状况有所好转,逐渐趋于新的生态平衡.继而通过铁科公路沿线植被覆盖时序演变规律,明晰公路建设对生态环境的影响因素,并在此基础上提出绿色可持续发展路径.

In this paper,Landsat8 images of Jilin section of Tieli-Horqin Right Wing Middle Banner Expressway(G1015)in 2003(before construction),2015(under construction)and 2021(after construction)were selected as data sources.Based on the buffer normalized Vegetation index(NDVI)and vegetation coverage(FVC),the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of vegetation in the G105 route segment were studied and analyzed.The conclusion showed that before the highway construction,the vegetation coverage in the study area was mainly medium,while during and after the highway construction,the vegetation coverage in the study area was mainly low.Compared with before highway construction,the area proportion of low vegetation coverage increased by 54.28%,the low vegetation coverage decreased by 10.64%,and the middle vegetation coverage decreased by 16.48%.It can be seen that highway construction had a serious impact on the surrounding environmental vegetation along the highway.After the completion of the construction,the medium vegetation coverage increased by 1.7%,and the vegetation coverage improved,gradually tending to a new ecological balance.Through the temporal evolution law of vegetation cover along Tieke Highway,the influencing factors of highway construction on ecological environment were clarified,and on this basis,the green sustainable development path was proposed.