中国对虾类产品进口贸易现状与对策建议

Current situation and price competitiveness of prawn products import trade in China

对虾是全球虾类贸易的重要产品之一,中国对虾养殖与贸易具有重要的风向标作用。为掌握近年来中国对虾类产品进口贸易变化特征,对2017—2021年贸易规模、进口来源、产品类型等进行了分析。主要结论为:中国进口对虾类产品呈现量额齐增的趋势,进口量年均增长88.15%,进口额年均增长72.32%。对虾类产品进口具有明显的周期性,分别形成1—6月份和7—12月份2个波动阶段。冻对虾和冻对虾仁是主要进口产品类型,这两类产品进口量额占比分别为96.83%和95.37%。中国南美白对虾养殖生产者价格6.99美元·kg-1,高于其他6个主要养殖国家生产者价格平均值39.31%。提出加强对虾类产品进口贸易监测,开展对虾产业战略研究,保障进口产品质量安全等对策建议,促进中国对虾养殖业和进口贸易协调稳定发展。

Prawn is one of the important products in global shrimp trade,and prawn farming and trade in China play important roles as wind vanes.In order to understand the changing characteristics of China’s import trade of prawn products in recent years,the trade scale,import sources and product types from 2017 to 2021 were analyzed.The main conclusions are as follows:China’s imports of prawn products show a trend of increasing in volume and value,with an average annual growth of 88.15%and 72.32%respectively.The import of prawn products has obvious periodicity,forming two periods respectively from January to June and July to December.Frozen prawn and frozen prawn meat are the main types of imported products,accounting for 96.83%and 95.37%respectively.The producer price of Litopenaeus vannamei in China is 6.99 USD·kg-1,which is 39.31%higher than the average producer price of other 6 major aquaculture countries.In order to promote the coordinated and stable development of China’s prawn aquaculture industry and import trade,the paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions such as strengthening the monitoring of import trade of prawn products,carrying out strategic research on prawn industry,ensuring the quality and safety of imported products.