拟穴青蟹对盐度变化的生态适应及渗透调节机制研究进展

Ecological adaptation and osmotic regulation of Scylla paramamosain to salinity changes

拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)属节肢动物门(Arthropoda)、软甲纲(Malacostraca)、十足目(Decapoda)、梭子蟹科(Portunidae)、青蟹属(Scylla),其野生种群主要分布于中国东南沿海和其他印度洋-太平洋海域,是中国传统海水养殖蟹类之一。该蟹个体大、生长速度快、肉质鲜美、营养丰富,且具有较高的经济价值。人们对青蟹的需求呈现上升趋势,仅通过海捕天然蟹苗或增加养殖密度,难以达到预期的产量,且不具有可持续性。合理规划拟穴青蟹养殖区域,拓展养殖空间,是推动青蟹产业迅速发展、扩大生产规模的有力举措。目前,青蟹养殖还未充分利用河口和沿岸地区众多亟待开发的不同盐度水域。结合国内外有关研究报道,总结了青蟹对盐度变化的生态适应性,尤其是盐度对青蟹生长发育的影响,并分析其渗透调节的分子机制,为不同盐度水域养殖推广,以及青蟹耐盐等新品种的开发提供参考。

The mud crab Scylla paramamosain belongs to the phylum Arthropoda,class Malacostraca,order Decapoda,family Portunidae,and genus Scylla.As one of the traditional marine aquaculture crabs in China,its wild population is mainly distributed along the southeastern coast of China and other Indian Pacific countries.It owns the characteristics of large size,fast growth rate,delicious meat,rich nutrition,and high economic value.The demand for the mud crab in the market is on the rise,and there are limitations and unsustainability in achieving the expected yield solely through natural sea fishing or increasing aquaculture density.Reasonably planning and expanding the breeding range of the proposed crab breeding area is also a powerful measure to promote the rapid development of the crab industry and expand production scale.The water surface for crab farming is mainly concentrated in intertidal waters with suitable salinity,and numerous water bodies with different salinities that urgently need to be developed in estuaries and coastal areas that have not been fully utilized.This review combined domestic and foreign research reports to summarize and prospect the ecological adaptation of mud crab to salinity changes,especially the impact of salinity on their growth and development,and analyzed the molecular mechanisms of osmotic regulation,laying a foundation for the promotion of mud crab aquaculture in water bodies with different salinity levels,and for the development of new varieties such as salt-tolerant S.paramamosain.