《汉书·地理志》水道里程蠡测——兼论汉代的水道交通

A Study on Geographical Connotation of River Distances Recorded in Hanshu Dilizhi:Discussion on River Traffic in Han Dynasty

《汉书·地理志》记录了百余条水道里程,这些里程数字是实际测量的结果,统计精确度较高。受测量条件限制,汉代测量水道里程需要依托航道、堤岸、河谷等交通道路进行,《汉志》中记录的里程数字是水道作为交通通道的河段里程,并不是水道完整的流程。利用《汉志》水道里程的统计结果,可以构建出汉代以江、河、淮、郁等大河为主干彼此连通、延展的水道交通网络。通过定量研究,可揭示汉代水道交通能力南方优于北方的基本特征,以及河水水系、淮济水系、江水水系、郁水水系不同的水道交通模式。

Hanshu Dilizhi records over a hundred river distances.These numbers are based on actual measurements with high accuracy.Limited by measurement conditions,the measurement of river distance need to rely on waterways,embankments,river valleys and other traffic roads during the Han Dynasty.River distance recorded in Hanshu Dilizhi represent the lengths of river sections used as transportation routes,rather than the entire length of the river.By utilizing statistics and analysis results of these numbers,this research reconstructs a waterway transportation network during the Han Dynasty,with four major rivers named Jiang,He,Huai,Yu,as main axes connecting with each other.Quantitative analysis can reveal the basic characteristics of that south river transportation capacity was superior than the north,and summarizes different traffic modes of four main river systems.