计及可持续发展的实时车辆共乘问题建模及求解

Modelization and Resolution of Real-time Ride-sharing Problem with Sustainable Development

车辆共乘可分配闲置运输资源、提高经济效益、创造环境优势与社会福利。针对实时共乘问题构建可持续性发展运营模型,引入专车、顺风车双重模式,考虑可持续性三重底线,即经济效益、环境污染、社会责任等重要指征,提出一种基于可持续发展的多模式实时车辆共乘匹配方法。在综合考虑三重底线原则的基础上,采用路由字典机制生成私家车车主与乘客之间的最佳路线,选择最优共乘组合,采用非支配排序遗传算法NSGA-Ⅲ获得所提多目标模型的最佳解决方案。实验结果显示,当只最大化经济目标时,环境指标平均恶化约32.7%,社会指标平均下降约9.8%;而仅牺牲少量经济指标即可实现环境和社会指标大幅度改善,因此应将环境与社会指标纳入目标决策值,忽视它们仅仅优化利润会导致碳足迹增加及社会责任恶化。探究经济效益、环境污染、社会责任3个目标之间的相关性以及不同影响因素下的变化趋势可为车辆共乘平台决策者提供有益参考。

Vehicle sharing can allocate idle transportation resources,improve economic efficiency,create environmental advantages and social welfare.A sustainable development operation model is constructed to address the issue of real-time carpooling,introducing a dual mode of dedicated and ride hailing,and considering the triple bottom line of sustainability,which includes important indicators such as economic benefits,environmental pollution,and social responsibility.A multi-mode real-time vehicle carpooling matching method based on sustainable development is proposed.Based on the comprehensive consideration of the triple bottom line principle,a routing dictionary mechanism is adopted to generate the optimal route between private car owners and passengers,select the optimal carpooling combination,and use the non dominated sorting genetic algorithm NSGA-Ⅲ to obtain the optimal solution for the proposed multi-objective model.The experimental results show that when only maximizing economic goals,the average deterioration of environmental indicators is about 32.7%,and the average decrease of social indicators is about 9.8%;However,sacrificing only a small amount of economic indicators can achieve a significant improvement in environmental and social indicators.Therefore,environmental and social indicators should be included in the target decision values.Ignoring them and only optimizing profits will lead to an increase in carbon footprint and a deterioration in social responsibility.Exploring the correlation between economic benefits,environmental pollution,and social responsibility,as well as the changing trends under different influencing factors,can provide useful references for decision-makers of vehicle sharing platforms.