1起福利院肺炎支原体感染暴发调查

Investigation of a Mycoplasma pneumoniae outbreak in a welfare institution

【目的】通过对某福利院1起肺炎支原体感染引起的暴发疫情进行流行病学分析,提出相应的防控措施。【方法】运用现场流行病学调查方法,2022年9月对该起疫情进行专项现场处置,结合临床症状,对病例和同班区密切接触者血清标本开展9项呼吸道感染病原体(肺炎支原体、衣原体,流感、人偏肺、呼吸道合胞、人博卡、副流感1~4型病毒,以及中东呼吸综合征、严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒)免疫荧光法免疫球蛋白M(Ig M)抗体检测。【结果】共发现肺炎支原体病例14例,均为该福利院的服务对象,分布在3个班区,首发病例于9月4日发病,末发病例发病时间为9月13日,发病班区罹患率为5.71%(14/245),首发病例男五班罹患率为12.82%(10/78),男三班罹患率为3.57%(3/84),男一班罹患率为1.20%(1/83),班区间罹患率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.90,P<0.05),年龄及入住福院时长分布差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。14例病例的9项呼吸道感染病原体Ig M抗体检测示弱阳性。【结论】通过分析病例流行病学史,综合临床症状,结合实验室检查,判断该次疫情为1起福利院支原体感染暴发。建议福利机构继续通过有效的日常卫生清洁及通风消毒,切实控制传染的发生及暴发,保障服务对象的生命健康安全。

[Objective]To carry out an epidemiological analysis on an outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection at a welfare institution to provide a theoretical basis for the corresponding prevention and control measures.[Methods]Using the method of field epidemiological investigation,special field treatment was carried out in September 2022.Serum samples from cases and close contacts in the same ward area were collected for detection of nine respiratory tract infection pathogens(Mycoplasma pneumoniae,chlamydia,influenza,human metapneumosis,respiratory syncytial,human boca,parainfluenza type 1‒4 virus,and Middle East respiratory syndrome,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus)by immunofluorescence immunoglobulin M(IgM)antibody test.[Results]A total of 14 Mycoplasma pneumoniae cases were identified,all of whom were residents of the welfare institution.The first case occurred on September 4,while the last case was reported on September 13.The incidence rate of the fifth ward area where the first case reported was 12.82%(10/78),and it was 3.57%(3/84)in the third ward area and 1.20%(1/83)in the first ward area.There was a significant difference in incidence rates between ward areas(χ^(2)=8.90,P<0.05),but no significant difference was observed in age distribution and length of hospitalization.Thirty-three samples were collected for detection of nine kinds of IgM antibodies against respiratory pathogens.The results showed that the Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM antibody was weakly positive in the 14 cases.[Conclusion]Based on the epidemiological history,clinical symptoms and laboratory tests,it was concluded that it was an outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection within the welfare institution.Welfare institutions should continue to control the occurrence and outbreak of infection through effective routine hygiene,ventilation,and disinfection so as to ensure the health and safety of their clients.