2017—2022年重庆市涪陵区居民死亡情况及趋势分析

Analysis of the trend of mortality among residents of Fuling District,Chongqing from 2017 to 2022

【目的】了解新型冠状病毒感染疫情前后重庆市涪陵区居民死亡情况,为政府制定疾病防治政策和措施提供参考依据。【方法】收集涪陵区2017—2022年居民死亡数据和人口数据,分析人群死亡率、标化死亡率,分年度和疫情前后比较死因顺位的变化。【结果】2017—2022年,涪陵区全人群粗死亡率逐年上升(APC=3.04%,P<0.05),全人群标化死亡率逐年下降(APC=-6.47%,P<0.01),男性死亡率均高于女性(P<0.05),不同年龄段死因构成不同,0岁人口感染性、母婴及营养缺乏病死亡占比最高,1~24岁(除5~9岁)伤害死亡占比最高,25岁以上居民主要死因为慢性病。精神与行为障碍疾病死亡率从第13顺位升至第9顺位。按新型冠状病毒感染疫情前后比较,全人群死因前5顺位未发生变化,男性内分泌、营养与代谢性疾病从第6顺位升至第5顺位,女性恶性肿瘤从第3顺位升至第2顺位。【结论】涪陵区新型冠状病毒感染疫情前后全人群死因前5顺位无变化,慢性病仍是居民主要死亡原因。须控制高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常等心脑血管疾病的危险因素,遏制脑卒中、急性心肌梗死事件死亡率上升的趋势。针对意外伤害导致的死亡,应对不同人群开展有针对性的健康教育。

[Objective]To understand the mortality trends among residents of Fuling District,Chongqing,before and after the COVID-19 outbreak,and to provide references for the government to formulate disease prevention and control policies and measures.[Methods]Data on mortality and population in Fuling District from 2017 to 2022 were collected to analyze population mortality and standardized mortality rates,and to compare the changes in the causes of death by year and before and after the pandemic.[Results]From 2017 to 2022,the crude mortality rate in Fuling District showed an upward trend(APC=3.04%,P<0.05),while the standardized mortality rate showed a downward trend(APC=-6.47%,P<0.01).The mortality rate of males was higher than that of females(P<0.05),with different age groups having different causes of death composition.The highest proportion of deaths in 0-year-old group was from infectious diseases,maternal and neonatal diseases,and nutritional deficiencies,the highest proportion of deaths in the 1‒24 age group,with the exception of those aged 5‒9,was from injuries,and the main cause of death for residents aged 25 and above was chronic diseases.The mortality rate of mental and behavioral disorders rose from the 13th to the 9th place.According to the epidemic situation of COVID-19,there were no changes in the top five causes of death among the entire population.The motility rate of endocrine,nutritional and metabolic diseases rose from the sixth to the fifth place in male population,and the motility rate of malignant tumor rose from the 3rd to the 2nd place in female population.[Conclusion]There are no changes in the top five causes of death among the entire population of Fuling District before and after the COVID-19 outbreak.Chronic diseases remain the main cause of death.It is necessary to control the risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as hypertension,diabetes,and dyslipidemia,and to curb the rising trend of mortality rates from strokes and acute myocardial infarction.For deaths caused by accidental injuries,targeted health education should be conducted for different populations.