父母体罚与儿童执行功能的关系:一项3年的追踪研究

The Relations between Parental Corporal Punishment and Children’s Executive Function:A 3-year Longitudinal Study

为考察父母体罚与儿童日常执行功能、执行功能任务水平之间的关系,揭示长期父母体罚可能存在的累积效应。本研究采用连续3年追踪研究设计,以亲子冲突解决策略量表、执行功能行为评定量表和威斯康星卡片分类测验为工具对710名三、四年级小学生及其父母双亲进行测查。结果发现:(1)父母体罚初始水平越高、随时间下降越慢,儿童日常执行功能问题越多,父母体罚对儿童日常执行功能的影响均存在累积效应;(2)父母体罚初始水平越高,儿童执行功能任务水平越差,但父母体罚的发展变化不能预测儿童执行功能任务水平,父母体罚对儿童执行功能任务水平的影响不存在累积效应。研究结果表明长期父母体罚对儿童日常认知功能的消极影响存在累积效应。

To investigated the cumulative effect of both fathers’and mothers’corporal punishment on children’s daily executive function and the efficiency of executive function,Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scales,Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function,and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test were administered to 710 third and fourth grade pupils and their parents in a 3-year longitudinal study.The results showed that:(1)For both mothers and fathers,the results revealed that higher initial levels and slower reduce speed of corporal punishment predicted children’s more ratings of executive function problems;(2)The results also revealed that higher initial levels of corporal punishment predicted children’s better performance-based executive function,whereas the change over time of parental corporal punishment failed to predict children’s better performance-based executive function.Such results revealed that both fathers’and mothers’corporal punishment has a cumulative effect on children’s daily executive function but not on the efficiency of children’s executive function.These findings suggest both fathers’and mothers’corporal punishment has a cumulative effect on children’s daily cognitive function.