大学生自杀潜在风险的测量指标:个人中心分析的视角

The Measurement Index Identifying College Students at High Risk of Suicide:From Personal-centered Perspective

为探索大学生自杀潜在风险的核心测量指标,供高校心理普查进行参考,本研究基于自杀的应激-易感模型框架,分别在广东省3所高校的大一至大四学生中进行抽样调查,在获取的3126个大学生样本数据中建立一元回归方程、潜在剖面模型,筛选了初始的24个测量指标,重构了大学生自杀潜在风险检测的测量指标系统,其中相关的测量指标有19个。对大学生自杀风险的潜在变量多因素综合预测时关联程度最高的8个核心指标是:边缘性人格、精神病前驱症状、心理痛苦、自伤行为、焦虑、既往自杀倾向、日常烦恼事件和情绪调节能力。研究发现了大学生自杀潜在风险的三个潜在类别并对每个群体提出精准的干预策略:类别1情绪困扰组,表现出“此消彼长”的特征,需要及时的心理疏导;类别2心理健康组,呈现出“富者更富”的特征,应关注发展性心理需求;类别3高风险组,表现出“穷者更穷”的特征,是大学生自杀或心理行为问题的高风险群体,应进行重点关注。大学生自杀是应激、个人易感和环境保护因素交互作用、多方位叠加的结果,且往往以情绪与精神症状的形式表现出来。高校在开展心理健康普查时应改变只采用单一症状指标筛查的方法,注意多指标应用、综合性评估自杀风险值。本研究所筛选的有关大学生自杀风险4个维度19个测量指标8个核心指标可供高校心理普查参考。

To explore a new method to identify students at high risk of suicide,a sample of 3126 college students was recruited in the study to establish the regression equation and the latent profile analysis.We tested and verified 19 person-centered factors related to risk for suicide attempts from 24 inital factors,to define our subgroups of suicide based on the Diathermy-stress model.The eight highest correlation index for multiple variables of college students'suicide are:borderline personality(R^(2)=20.16%),mental disorder(R^(2)=18.87%),psychological pain(R^(2)=17.82%),prior nonsuicidal self-injury(NSSI)(R^(2)=16.12%),anxiety(R^(2)=15.98%),prior suicidal thoughts(R^(2)=13.28%),daily vexation life stress event(R^(2)=12.35%),emotional regulation(R^(2)=10.74%).There are three heterogeneous groups regarding the potential risk of suicide among the college students.C1 emotional disturbance group(49.9%)is characterized by“rising and falling from one another”.C2 health group(32.58%)shows the characteristic of“the rich are richer”and good adaptation.C3 high risk group(17.53%)shows the characteristic of“the poor are poorer”,and is more vulnerable to risks.Suicide of college students is the result of the interaction and multidirectional superposition of stress,personal susceptibility and environmental protection factors,and is often expressed in the form of emotional and mental symptoms.When carrying out mental health surveys,we should change the method of only using single symptom index screening,and should pay attention to the application of multiple indicators and comprehensive evaluation of suicide risk.The study explores a new method to identify students at high risk of suicide from personal-centered perspective.The results of this study can directly guide gatekeepers to carry out psychological census work and psychological crisis intervention strategies in practice,and have theoretical significance for the risk identification of suicide.