日本近世国学家本居宣长的“华夷秩序”构想

Motoori Norinaga's Conception of the"Hua-Yi Order"

本居宣长的“华夷秩序”构想强调国家之优劣先验地决定于国家本身。其构想以“神国日本”为先验性根源,以日本持续“泰平”为表征,以兰学知识为佐证,强调日本不仅优于中国,还是世界“万国之宗”,并且不排斥使用武力来实现。表面上,这一构想似乎摆脱了中华文明的影响,展现了日本价值的伸张与独立。实际上,它仅仅是置换了中日之间的“华”与“夷”,用“神道”取代“圣人之道”,在逻辑框架中仍旧坚持“尊内卑外”“中心-外围”的传统观念,并未对“中华文明”形成实质性的批判,本质上依然属于华夷思想。然而,它却丧失了华夷秩序的伦理性,强调武力,这些变奏部分与近代侵略历史相连续。

Motoori Norinaga's conception of Hua-Yi Order"emphasizes that the quality of a country is determined a priori by the country itself.Among them,"Shinto Japan"is used as the transcendental source,Japan's sustained"peace"as a representation,and the knowledge of Orchidology as evidence,emphasizing that Japan is not only superior to China,but also the"father of all nations"in the world,and does not exclude the use of force to fulfill.On the surface,this idea seems to be free from the influence of Chinese civilization and shows the assertion and independence of Japanese values.In fact,it only replaced the"Hua"and""Yi"between China and Japan,replaced the"Sage's way"with""Shinto",and still adhered to the"center-periphery"concept ofrespecting the inner and inferioring the outer"in the logical framework.Traditional concepts have not formed a substantive criticism of"Chinese civilization".In essence,it still belongs to Hua-Yi thought,which is a special form of expression formed under the influence of the universal Chinese civilization.However,it losts the ethics of the Hua-Yi Order and emphasized force.These variations are partly consistent with the history of modern aggression.