布雷顿森林体系视角下美苏经济合作解体与美元霸权化

The Disintegration of Economic Cooperation between the United States and the Soviet Union and the Hegemonization of the Dollar from the Perspective of the Bretton Woods System

在布雷顿森林体系视角下,二战后美苏经济关系由合作走向脱钩存在一定程度的历史偶然性。战时美苏在布雷顿森林体系创建过程中的合作与妥协为战后美苏经济合作奠定了良好基础。但战后美国将贷款援助作为敲打苏联的经济杠杆,导致苏联最终拒绝加入布雷顿森林体系,反击美国。苏联退出布雷顿森林体系的重大影响有二:其一,刺激美国主动采取与苏联经济脱钩的战略;其二,赋予了美国将布雷顿森林体系建成霸权性货币体系的权力与空间。

From the perspective of the establishment of the Bretton Woods system,there is a certain degree of historical contingency in the post-war economic relations between the United States and the Soviet Union from cooperation to decoupling.The compromise between the United States and the Soviet Union on the establishment of the Bretton Woods system during the war laid a good foundation for the economic cooperation between the United States and the Soviet Union after the war.However,after the war,the United States used loan assistance as an economic lever to beat the Soviet Union,which eventually refused to join the Bretton Woods system to fight back against the United States.The Soviet Union's withdrawal from the Bretton Woods system had two major effects:First,it stimulated the United States to take the initiative to decouple from the Soviet economy;Second,it gives the United States the power and space to build the Bretton Woods system into a hegemonic monetary system.