美国国家安全中的韧性理念辨析

An Analysis of the Concept of Resilience in US National Security

韧性理念20世纪90年代被引入美国国家安全话语体系,并在近年发展为美国国家安全战略的关键词之一。该理念强调美国应正视内外风险的常态化以及自身能力的不足,聚焦“接受灾难”而非“规避灾难”。美国国家安全话语体系中的韧性涵盖风险规划、吸收恢复与转化适应三种能力,并主要反映于网络安全与关键基础设施保护、反恐怖主义、应对气候变化、维护供应链安全和诉诸大国战略竞争等多个具体议题上。中国宜有选择地借鉴美国推进韧性理念融入国家安全的做法,高效统筹发展与安全、规范国家安全主体责任并提升全社会风险意识。

The concept of resilience was introduced into the US national securitydiscoursesysteminthe1990s,and has developed into one of the"keywords"concerning the US national security strategy in recent years.This concept stresses the need for the US to face squarely the frequent occurrence of internal and external risks and the shortfall in its capabilities,and calls for a focus on accepting-rather than evading-disasters.The resilience in the US national security discourse system covers threetypesofcapabilities,namely,risk planning,absorption and recov-,ery,and conversion and adaptation,and mainlymanifests itself in such specific issues as cybersecurity and critical infrastructure protection,counterterrorism,climate change response,supply chain security,and major-country strategic competition.China can learn fromthe experiences of theUS in integrating the concept of resilience into its national security,coordinate development and security effectively,clarify responsibilities related to national security,and enhance public awareness of national securityrisks.