鱼胶的营养功效与安全性研究进展

Research Progress on Nutritional Efficacy and Safety of Fish Maw

鱼胶作为我国传统的保健品,适用人群广泛、价值潜力大、保健效果良好,有着较高的营养价值。近年来,随着鱼胶的消费需求不断增加,鱼胶的来源扩大到世界各地,导致名称混乱等问题发生。当前,我国鱼胶的法律标准尚未完善,鉴别技术较为落后,多数依靠人工鉴定,难以准确衡量鱼胶是否存在以次充好、含有重金属、兽药残留、激素超标等问题,鱼胶的安全性有待考量。文章对常见鱼胶的名称和类别进行了归纳,概述了鱼胶的营养价值及功效成分,并对鱼胶的食品工业应用现状进行了总结;另外综合国内外研究对鱼胶的食品安全现状和现有的鉴别技术进行了梳理,旨在为鱼胶的深加工利用以及制定相关法规和标准提供参考,为探索更加便捷的鱼胶真伪鉴别技术及人类健康食品的开发提供新思路。

As a traditional health product in China,fish maw has a wide range of suitable consumers,high value potential,good health effects and high nutritional value.In recent years,with the increasing demand for fish maw,the source of fish maw has expanded to all over the world,leading to problems such as name confusion.Currently,the legal standards of fish maw in China have not been fully developed,and the identification technology is relatively backward,mostly relying on manual identification,which makes it difficult to accurately measure whether there are problems such as substandard fish maw,heavy metals,veterinary drug residues,and hormone exceeding the standard,and the safety of fish maw has to be considered.This study summarizes the names and categories of common fish maw,outlines its nutritional value and beneficial components,and reviews the current status of its application in the food industry.In addition,the comprehensive domestic and international research on the current status of food safety of fish maw and the existing identification techniques were outlined.The aim is to offer a reference for the deep processing and utilization of fish maw and the formulation of relevant regulations and standards,as well as to provide new ideas for exploring more convenient fish maw authenticity identification techniques and the development of health foods for human consumption.