医用脑机接口数据隐私的法律规制:国际比较与启示

Legal regulation of medical brain-computer interface data privacy:International comparisons and implications

随着医用脑机接口技术的不断发展,数据隐私问题日益凸显。脑机接口数据隐私具有自身的独特性:一方面因脑机接口直连大脑,因此数据隐私具有高度私密性;另一方面患者无法预筛、修正或删除脑机接口收集的信息,数据隐私面临更高的风险。相较于其他国家和地区,我国在脑机接口数据隐私方面的研究较为有限。为更好规制脑机接口数据隐私,有必要系统了解美国、日本、智利以及欧盟等地区的现行经验,结合我国实际情况完善相关措施,具体包括加强匿名化处理、强化第三方算法平台责任、明确神经权利法律地位和提高隐私保护意识4个方面的内容。

With the continuous development of medical brain-computer interface technology,data privacy issues are becoming increasingly prominent.The data privacy of brain-computer interfaces has its own unique characteris-tics.On the one hand,as the brain-computer interface is directly connected to the brain,data privacy has a high de-gree of confidentiality;on the other hand,patients cannot pre-screen,modify,or delete the information collected by the brain-computer interface,making data privacy face higher risks.Compared with other countries and regions,re-search on brain-computer interface data privacy in China is relatively limited.In order to better regulate brain-com-puter interface data privacy,it is necessary to systematically understand the current experiences in the United States,Japan,Chile,and the European Union,and to improve relevant measures in accordance with China's actual situation.This includes strengthening anonymization processing,enhancing the responsibility of third-party algo-rithm platforms,clarifying the legal status of neural rights,and raising privacy protection awareness.