我国特种冶金产品、技术和装备的最新进展与展望

The Latest Progress and Prospect of Special Metallurgical Products,Technology and Equipment in China

航空航天、能源、石油化工、船舶、轨道交通、新能源汽车、节能环保、电子信息等领域的高端装备产业发展强劲,对特殊钢和特种合金材料的质量和性能提出了更高的要求,需求量激增。因此,最近十几年我国特种冶金行业得到了快速的发展。首先,分析和总结了我国上述高端装备制造用超高强度钢、高温合金、耐蚀合金、耐热钢、特种不锈钢、高性能轴承钢、工模具钢以及精密合金等的新需求。其次,分析了传统特种冶金流程和几种特冶新流程的发展现状与趋势,重点强调了与转炉/电弧炉炼钢流程相结合可以为电渣重熔和真空电弧重熔提供高洁净的自耗电极,也可以为真空感应炉提供纯净原材料,用连铸坯作为自耗电极的抽锭式电渣重熔后接轧制工艺的电渣短流程可以显著提升生产效率和降低生产成本。同时,也简要介绍了高氮不锈钢冶炼的双联工艺和工模具钢的粉末冶金和喷射成形工艺流程。再次,分析和总结了我国特种冶金产业发展现状,以及新技术和新装备的进展情况。最后,对未来十年我国特种冶金的技术发展提出了建议和展望。

The high-end equipment industries in the fields of aerospace,energy,petrochemical,shipbuilding,rail transportation,new energy vehicles,energy conservation and environmental protection,and electronic information have developed strongly,putting forward higher requirements for the quality and performance of special steel and special alloy materials,and the demand has surged.Therefore,in recent ten years,China's special metallurgy industry has been rapidly development.This paper first analyzes and summarizes the new requirements of ultra-high strength steel,supper alloy,corrosion resistant alloy,heat resistant steel,special stainless steel,high performance bearing steel,tool and die steel and precision alloy for the above-mentioned high-end equipment manufacturing.Secondly,the development status and trend of traditional special metallurgical processes and several new special metallurgical processes are analyzed.It is emphasized that the combination with basic oxygen furnace/electric arc furnace steelmaking process can provide high clean consumable electrode for electroslag remelting and vacuum arc remelting,and can also provide pure raw material for vacuum induction furnace.The short process of the electroslag remelting with continuous casting billet as the consumable electrode can significantly improve the production efficiency and reduce the production cost.At the same time,the duplex process of high nitrogen stainless steel smelting and the process flow of powder metallurgy and spray forming of tool and die steel are also briefly introduced.Third,China's special metallurgical industry development status,as well as the progress of new technology and new equipment have been summarized.Finally,suggestions and prospects for the technical development of special metallurgy in China in the next ten years are put forward.