贸易好处的分配原则研究——基于李嘉图比较优势原理的分析

Research on the Distribution Principle of the Gains from Trade——An Analysis Based on Ricardo's Theory of Comparative Advantage

李嘉图在其比较优势原理中阐明参与贸易的双方可以从中获益的论题,但他对于贸易双方从中分别能够获取多少贸易好处,并没有进行严格的论证。依照采用“单位产出结构”定义比较优势的分析框架,构建了个体生产者的供给函数,推导出贸易好处率表达式,并通过均衡分析得到经济行为者双方分配贸易好处的原则。研究发现,生产者愿意提供的商品数量取决于获取的贸易好处与商品的交换比率,各生产者的分工生产决策并非相互独立,贸易好处的分配原则是贸易好处率均等分配原则,这些均丰富和发展了李嘉图比较优势原理。

Ricardo,in his principle of comparative advantage,elucidated the argument that participants can get benefits from trade.However,he did not demonstrate strictly how much the gains from trade each participant could get.Following the analytical framework of using"Unit Output Structure"to define comparative advantage,this paper constructs a supply function of producer,derives the formula of the rate of the gains from trade,and uses equilibrium analysis to deduce the distribution principle of the gains from trade between economic agents.The study finds that the quantity of commodities that producers'willingness to provide hinges on the gains from trade and the exchange-ratios.Producers'decisions whether to join specialization are not mutually independent.Equal-rate of the gains from trade distribution principle is the optimal principle to distribute the gains from trade.This study enriches and develops Ricardo's theory of comparative advantage.