早期父母外出务工经历对个体收入的长期影响

The Long-Term Impact of Early Childhood Exposure to Parental Out-Migration for Work on Adult Income

本文利用CHARLS2014年中国居民生命历程调查和2018年调查数据,研究父母在子女童年时期外出务工对子女成年后收入的影响。结果发现,早期父母外出务工经历会显著提升子女长期收入水平,且父亲的影响大于母亲。家庭经济社会状况的改善和子女人力资本积累的提升共同解释了这一促进效应。具体而言,父母在子女6—12岁外出的正向影响最大,但是母亲在子女0—5岁外出不可避免地引发长期福利损失,一定程度上抵消了母亲外出务工对子女长期收入的整体促进作用。本研究为劳动力流动的经济社会影响补充了长期研究视角,同时也提供了中国城乡人口迁移促进社会流动性的经验证据。

We attempt to examine the long-term impact of exposure to parental out-migration for work in early life on a person's adult income using data from the 2014(Life History Survey)and 2018 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS).The results show that early exposure to parental out-migration significantly increases a person's adult income levels,with the influence of fathers being more pronounced than that of mothers.This positive effect can be attributed to both improvements in households'socio-economic statuses and the increased accumulation of children's human capital.Specifically,exposure to parental out-migration during ages 6-12 has the most significant positive impact.However,exposure to maternal out-migration under age six inevitably leads to long-term welfare losses,partially offsetting its overall improving effect on adult income.