学生与运动员:体教融合背景下我国高校高水平运动员身份认同研究

Student-Athletes:A Study on the Identity Recognition of High-Level Athletes in China’s Universities under the Dual Career Context

身份认同的构建是对个人或群体形象、价值和自我的建构过程,是高水平运动员积极融入大学生活的前提。当前高校高水平运动员普遍存在“卓越者与平凡者”“受教者与受训者”“觉醒者与妥协者”等身份冲突。通过探究身份冲突背后的心理机制发现,高校高水平运动员产生身份冲突的原因主要有:1)“学训矛盾”冲击下的身份意识淡化;2)“佛系心态”蔓延下的身份情感缺位;3)“功利教育”驱动下的身份行为失范。在体教融合背景下,可以通过激活内在动力、唤醒个体认知,重塑自我价值、修正个体情感,提高理性自律、规范个体行为等自我调适策略,以及强化顶层设计与战略指导、加强科学治理与政策支持、优化组织保障与经费支持、创新教育模式与成才环境等外部支持策略,促进高校高水平运动员身份认同的积极构建。

The formation of identity recognition is a process that involves the construction of an individual’s or group’s image,values,and self,and it serves as a prerequisite for high-level athletes to actively assimilate into university life.Presently,high-level athletes in universities often grapple with identity conflicts such as“excellence versus mediocrity”“learner versus trainee”and“awakened versus compromised”.Delving into the psychological mechanisms underlying these identity conflicts reveals that the primary reasons for such conflicts among high-level university athletes include:1)Diminished identity consciousness due to the impact of“the contradiction between academic learning and athletic training”;2)the absence of identity emotions stemming from the prevalence of a“Buddha-like mentality”;3)the deviation of identity behavior driven by“utilitarian education”.In the context of dual career,self-adjustment strategies such as activating intrinsic motivation,awakening individual cognition,reshaping self-value,correcting individual emotions,fostering rational self-discipline,and regulating individual behavior,along with external support strategies like reinforcing top-level design and strategic guidance,enhancing scientific governance and policy support,optimizing organizational and financial support,and innovating educational models and talent development environments,can facilitate the positive construction of identity recognition for high-level athletes in universities.