液体活检在肿瘤诊疗全程管理中的现状及展望

Current status and perspectives liquid biopsy in the whole-process management of tumor diagnosis and treatment

有效的检测方法能够在早期发现恶性肿瘤迹象,提高患者生存率。液体活检,作为一项新兴的无创技术,通过检测体液中的生物标志物,为恶性肿瘤提供全方位的信息,从而指导更加精准的治疗。液体活检的主要检测指标包括循环肿瘤DNA、循环肿瘤细胞、微小RNA和外泌体等。通过使用不同的技术手段检测这些生物标志物,可以为不同发展阶段的肿瘤提供治疗方向,延长患者的生存期,提高生活质量。相较于传统组织检测,液体活检作为一种非侵入式的手段,具有无创性,克服肿瘤异质性及可以实时监测肿瘤情况等优势。随着技术的不断发展,液体活检在早期、中期和晚期恶性肿瘤治疗中都具有重要的临床指导价值,包括指导肿瘤治疗、研究抗药性机制、预测患者预后、监测复发以及协助早期筛查和诊断。本文将综述当前液体活检技术的发展状况,深入分析液体活检所使用的生物标志物,探讨其在肿瘤诊疗全程管理中的研究进展。

Effective detection methods play a pivotal role in early identification of cancer signal,thereby enhancing patient survival rates.Liquid biopsy,as a burgeoning non-invasive technology,provides comprehensive tumor information through body fluid analysis,thus guiding precise cancer treatment.Key biomarkers in liquid biopsy encompass circulating tumor DNA,circulating tumor cells,micro-RNA,exosomes,etc.Leveraging diverse techniques for distinct biomarker detection offers tailored guidance for tumor treatments across different stages,prolongs patient survival,and improves life quality.In contrast to tissue biopsies,liquid biopsy boasts non-invasiveness,surmounts tumor heterogeneity and enables real-time dynamic monitoring.With continual technological evolution,liquid biopsy has demonstrated pivotal clinical guidance in early,intermediate,and advanced-stage cancers,encompassing treatment guidance,drug resistance mechanism exploration,patient prognosis prediction,recurrence monitoring,and facilitating early tumor screening.This article conducts an in-depth analysis of liquid biopsy technology and biomarkers while summarizing and discussing its research advancements in the comprehensive management of tumor diagnosis and treatment.