基于聚类分析的数字普惠金融区域差异性研究

A Study of Regional Differences in Digital Inclusive Finance Based on Cluster Analysis

普惠金融是指立足机会平等要求和商业可持续原则,以合理的成本为有金融服务需求的社会各阶层和群体提供适当、有效的金融服务。近年来,我国数字普惠金融的发展呈现出快速增长的趋势,为实体经济的发展提供了支持。在全球化浪潮的带动下,数字普惠金融必将打破重重壁垒,引领世界范围内各阶层和群体平等共享金融服务。目前,数字普惠金融产品和服务已涉及个人征信、消费金融、数字化支付、投资理财等诸多领域,对城乡收入差距、减缓贫困、经济增长和居民消费都会产生影响。为了加快区域平衡发展,应减少不同地区数字普惠金融水平的差异性。本文为了了解近几年全国31个省市的数字普惠金融发展水平,以便发展水平较差的地区可以加快发展。收集了2012~2018年数字金融覆盖广度、数字金融使用深度和普惠金融数字化程度三个指标的“北京大学数字普惠金融指数”数据,先确定最佳聚类数目,然后对截面数据和多指标面板数据分别进行聚类。得出我国数字普惠金融水平整体呈现上升趋势,但我国31个省市的数字普惠金融发展水平差异较大,其中华东地区发展最好,华南和华中地区整体情况发展水平较好,华北,西北,西南和东北地区整体发展水平较差,但具有省域差异性。针对这一现象,提出相关的政策建议以期可以使数字普惠金融更好的发展。

Inclusive finance refers to the provision of appropriate and effective financial services at reasona-ble costs to all strata and groups in society that have a need for financial services,based on the requirements of equal opportunity and the principle of commercial sustainability.In recent years,the development of digital inclusive finance in China has shown a trend of rapid growth,providing support for the development of the real economy.Driven by the wave of globalization,digital in-clusive finance is bound to break down barriers and lead the way for all classes and groups around the world to share financial services on an equal footing.Currently,digital inclusive financial products and services have covered many areas,including personal credit,consumer finance,dig-ital payments and investment and financial management,and have had an impact on the ur-ban-rural income gap,poverty alleviation,economic growth and consumption.In order to accele-rate balanced regional development,it is important to reduce the disparity in the level of digital financial inclusion in different regions.This paper aims to understand the national(31 provinces or cities)development level of digital inclusive finance in recent years,so that regions with a low-er level of development can accelerate their development.Peking University Digital Inclusive Finance Index(DIFI)data on three indicators,namely,the breadth of digital finance coverage,the depth of digital finance use,and the degree of digitalization of inclusive finance,were collected from 2012 to 2018,and the optimal number of clusters was determined first,and then clustering was carried out on the cross-sectional data and the multi-indicator panel data respectively.It is concluded that the overall level of digital inclusive finance in China shows an upward trend,but the development level of digital inclusive finance in China(31 provinces or cities)varies greatly,with the best development in East China,better development in South China and Central China,and worse development in North China,Northwest China,Southwest China and Northeast China,but with provincial differences.In view of this phenomenon,relevant policy recommendations are proposed to enable the better development of digital inclusive finance.