面向大规模定制的建筑工业化智能设计方法研究

Mass Customization Oriented Intelligent Design Methods for Construction Industrialization

为了推动大规模定制的建筑工业化模式,提出了两种适用于工业化建筑的智能设计方法:面向装配的设计方法和面向销售的设计方法,并以轻钢龙骨式结构建筑为例,展示了设计流程和案例说明。面向装配的设计方法以二维板块化部品为基本单元,以直接面向工厂下订单为目标,首先建立具有预先标定结构性能的建筑部品数据库,在生成建筑平面后,再将结构荷载分配到每个墙体、楼面部品上,自动匹配所需的建筑部品型号,并进行整体结构验算。面向销售的设计方法以三维建筑模块为基本单元,以直接面向销售下订单为目标,定义具有各种功能的模块并建立生成式设计规则,在建筑初步设计阶段考虑因不同的建筑布局而产生的不同建筑成本,并通过遗传算法优化建筑布局和成本。这两种方法选择的部品和模块均符合工业化大规模生产的要求,为实现大规模生产的工业化设计流程提供了新思路。

To improve the industrialization and mass customization of buildings,this paper proposes two intelligent design methods suitable for industrialized construction:the Assemble-to-Order design method and the Sale-to-Order design method.Using a light-weight framing walls structure as an example,the design process and case study are demonstrated.The Assemble-to-Order design method takes two-dimensional panelized components as basic units,aiming directly at factory orders.First,a database of building components with pre-calibrated structural performance is established.After generating the building layout,this method allocates structural loads to each wall and floor component,automatically matches the required building component models,and performs an overall structural check.The Sale-to-Order design method takes three-dimensional building modules as basic units,aiming directly at sales orders.It defines modules with various functions and establishes generative design rules,considering the different building costs caused by different layouts in the preliminary design stage,and optimizes the building layout and cost through genetic algorithms.The components and modules selected by these two methods both meet the requirements of industrialized mass production, providing new ideas for realizing the industrialized design process for massproduction.