印太视域下印度东南亚政策的再定位

Refocusing Indian Southeast Asian Policy:An Indo-Pacific Perspective

2014年,纳伦德拉·莫迪就任印度新一任总理,提出“东向行动”政策,推动印度更加积极地参与到东南亚地区。随着近年来中印关系“高开低走”、美国“印太战略”持续具体化并赋予印度在“印太战略”中支点国家地位,印度逐步接受并积极响应“印太”概念,将美国深植于“印太战略”中的遏制中国意图作为美印双方的重要战略切合点。莫迪政府在“印太”概念下对其东南亚政策进行再定位与调整,主要表现为印度以海洋地缘视角审视自身战略环境,将东南亚地区作为重要外环,突出与东南亚地区在海洋领域的利益契合,提升与东盟的海上战略关系,以“蓝色经济”作为印度—东盟经济关系发展的新着力点并且重点在海上军事领域与东南亚地区开展多边和双边合作。随着莫迪开启第三任期以及印度与东南亚国家政治互信有所提升,预计印度会借力美国“印太战略”对它的倚重,在对东南亚政策上采取更加进取的态度,东南亚地区在印度对外战略中的重要性将持续增加;由于东南亚地区对印度在本地区事务的参与持欢迎态度,印度对东南亚地区局势的影响力不容小觑。

After Narendra Modi became the new Prime Minister of India in 2014,he adopted an“Act East”policy,promoting India’s more active involvement in Southeast Asian affairs.Due to dramatic decline in China-India relations in recent years and the continued implementation of the US“Indo-Pacific Strategy”which sees India as a pivotal state in the Indo-Pacific,India has gradually embraced and actively responded to the“Indo-Pacific”concept.As India and the US converge on the necessity of containing China which is what deeply motivates the US Indo-Pacific Strategy,this has made it necessary for the Modi government to adjust its Southeast Asian policy,which is now informed by the Indo-Pacific narrative.This mainly involves a maritime geopolitical examination of its own strategic environment,which views the Southeast Asian region as an important outer ring,highlighting the common interests in the maritime domain.India has worked to enhance its strategic maritime relationship with ASEAN,refocus India-ASEAN economic relations on the Blue Economy,and engage the region in bilateral and multilateral settings on maritime security.Given the lack of effective domestic opposition to the BJP and the enhanced political trust between India and Southeast Asia,India is likely to adopt a more proactive attitude toward Southeast Asia,taking advantage of the US reliance on it for the US Indo-Pacific Strategy.This will increase the strategic importance of Southeast Asia in Indian foreign strategy.Since the region welcomes India’s involvement,Indian influence in the Southeast Asia should not be underestimated.