巴蜀文化与圆悟克勤禅法补说

On Yuanwu Keqin's Zen Dharma and Its Relationship with Bashu Culture

圆悟克勤禅法不外公案禅与文字禅两端,而又集中表现在其所著的《碧岩录》上。作为公案禅的一代宗师,圆悟克勤在起用公案、解答公案方面非常卓越,影响后代至深。作为文字禅的一代宗师,圆悟克勤以文字说禅,既不玩弄辞藻,也不故弄玄虚,只是顺其机缘流水下滩、水到渠成。其《碧岩录》解说公案,由事入理、由知识入禅观,于循循善诱之中反复创造禅机、接引学人,不只是对文化程度不高的禅僧来说“是一场及时雨”,而且还为缺乏实修的士大夫阶层“辟了一条接近禅、理解禅的新通路”。在苦参历代公案的前提下,巴蜀深厚的义学传统、文学传统、易学传统共同成就了圆悟克勤孤绝卓异的禅法。

Zen Dharma(chanfa;禅法)of Yuanwu Keqin,which has intensively embodied in his Bi Yan Lu(《碧岩录》),consists of gong'an chan(公案禅;case Zen)and wenzi chan(文字禅;literal Zen).As a great master of gong'an chan,Yuanwu Keqin was excellent in citing and explaining cases,and has had a profound influence.As a great master of wenzi chan,Yuanwu Keqin provided striking key points,rather than played with rhetoric or pretended to be crazy and mysterious.The explanation of cases in Bi Yan Lu unfolded from fact to reason,from knowledge to vipassana,and repeatedly created opportunities for learners through gentle guidance.The book was not only a door for less-educated Zen monks,but also opened a new way for literati,who lacked practical cultivation,to approach and understand Zen.On the bases of assiduous learning of previous Zen cases,the far-reaching research tradition of Buddhist doctrine,Chinese literary,and the Book of Changes in Bashu region have jointly contributed to the unique Zen Dharma of Yuanwu Keqin.