青少年抑郁障碍自杀影响因素识别及矩阵分析的导向性研究

A directional study on the identification and matrix analysis of factors influencing suicidal depression in adolescents

目的探究青少年抑郁障碍(MDD)患者自杀意念的影响因素,进一步采用重要性矩阵分析,旨在为及时制定护理防控措施提供指导。方法选取2023年3~12月河南省荣康医院收治的173例青少年MDD患者作为研究对象。采用Beck自杀意念量表(BSI-CV)调查青少年MDD患者自杀意念情况,采用多元线性回归分析其自杀意念的影响因素,采用重要性矩阵分析各项因素改进分布情况。结果本次共发问卷173份,收回有效问卷161份,有效回收率为93.06%;161例青少年MDD患者BSI-CV评分为(41.32±10.27)分,其中轻度、中度、重度分别占全部MDD患者的36.65%、29.81%、33.54%;多元线性回归分析结果显示,人际关系、自我接纳、家庭功能、校园氛围是青少年MDD患者BSI-CV的保护因素(P<0.05),抑郁程度、情绪调节困难、病耻感是其危险因素(P<0.05);校园氛围、情绪调节困难、家庭功能、病耻感、自我接纳、抑郁程度、人际关系等因素影响重要性均>0.5,改善难度均<4,进入优先改进区域,可优先对上述因素采取针对性干预措施。结论受多种因素影响,青少年MDD患者普遍存在中等偏高的自杀意念,而加强重要性矩阵分析有助于指导临床及时采取针对性干预措施。

Objective To explore the influencing factors of suicidal ideation in adolescents with depressive disorder(MDD),and further adopt importance matrix analysis in order to provide guidance for the timely formulation of nursing prevention and control measures.Methods A total of 173 adolescent MDD patients admitted to Rongkang Hospital of Henan Province from March to December,2023 were selected as the research subjects.Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation-Chinese Version(BSI-CV)was used to investigate the suicidal ideation status of adolescent MDD patients.Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the influencing factors of suicidal ideation,and importance matrix analysis was used to improve the distribution of various factors.Results A total of 173 questionnaires were distributed and 161 valid questionnaires were collected,with an effective response rate of 93.06%.The 161 adolescent MDD patients had a BSI-CV score of(41.32±10.27)points,with mild,moderate,and severe accounting for 36.65%,29.81%,and 33.54%of all MDD patients,respectively.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that interpersonal relationships,self-acceptance,family function,and campus atmosphere were protective factors for BSI-CV in adolescent MDD patients(P<0.05),while depression level,emotional regulation difficulties,and disease shame were risk factors(P<0.05).The importance of factors such as campus atmosphere,difficulty in emotional regulation,family function,shame,self-acceptance,depression level,and interpersonal relationships was all greater than 0.5,and the difficulty of improvement was all less than 4.Entering the priority improvement area,targeted intervention measures can be prioritized for the above factors.Conclusion Due to various factors,adolescent MDD patients generally have moderate to high levels of suicidal ideation.Strengthening the importance matrix analysis can help guide clinical practice and adopt targeted intervention measures.