论财产保全错误损害赔偿的归责原则

Principle of Attribution for Compensation for Damages Caused by Wrongful Property Preservation

探讨财产保全错误损害赔偿归责原则,即是阐明申请人在何种情形下应就保全财产损失向被申请人承担赔偿责任。确立何种归责原则攸关保全制度能否合理运行,更关涉当事人之诉讼权益的平衡与保障,而保全赔偿问题的程序法和实体法并存属性使得归责原则考量更加复杂。在审判实务中,保全赔偿案件适用过错原则属于通行标准,但也存在标准模糊、申请保全权易被滥用等实际问题。基于对保全申请错误成因的类型化分析,可厘清归责原则问题研究的事实前提;在此基础上,运用法释义学方法分别对保全制度和“申请有错误”展开解释,得出保全赔偿案件应当适用无过错归责原则这一结论,并将《民事诉讼法》第108条的条文规定作为解释结论的规范依据。

Exploring the principle of liability for damages caused by property preservation errors is to clarify under what circumstances the applicant should be liable to the respondent for com-pensation for property preservation losses.The establishment of the principle of liability is cru-cial to the reasonable operation of the preservation system,and it also involves the balance and protection of the litigation rights and interests of the parties,the coexistence of procedural law and substantive law in the issue of preservation compensation makes the consideration of the principle of attribution more complex.In judicial practice,the application of the fault principle in preservation compensation cases is a common standard,but there are also practical problems such as vague standards and the easy abuse of the right to apply for preservation.Based on a typological analysis of the causes of errors in preservation applications,the factual prerequisites for studying the principle of liability can be clarified;On this basis,using the method of legal interpretation,the preservation system and"erroneous application"are explained separately,and the conclusion is drawn that the principle of no fault liability should be applied to preserva-tion compensation cases.The provisions of Article 108 of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China are used as the normative basis for the interpretation conclusion.