法律冲突与备案审查的权利保障模式——以“婚检”争议为例

Legal Conficts and Rights Protection Model of Record ReviewTaking the"Pre-marital Health Check"Controversy as an Example

婚检制度关涉两个层次的法律冲突:一是《民法典》与《母婴保健法》《婚姻登记条例》之间不同法律部门之间的冲突;二是涉及《民法典》其他部分和婚姻家庭法私法体系内的冲突。此双重冲突肇因于婚姻家庭法的特殊性以及民法与母婴保健法之间的功能差异,本质上体现为现代社会被普遍认可的人的理性自主和国家功能双重理念的冲突。法的体系统一并非仅仅是范畴式的或者是概念之间的逻辑演绎,若考虑到在国家政策目标下的立法适当性判断,需要从维护客观法秩序统一的抽象审查模式逐步转向偏向权利救济的具体审查模式。

The Pre-marital medical examination rule reveals a conflict of laws at two levels:first,a conflict between Civil Code and the Maternal and Child Health Law and the Regulations on Marriage Registration;and second,a conflict involving the other parts of the Civil Code and marriage-family law.This dual conflict arises from the special nature of marriage and family law and the functional differences between civil law and maternal and child health law,and is essentially a conflict between personal autonomy and the function of the State.The unification of the legal system is not merely a logical deduction of categories or concepts,but requires a gradual shift from the abstract mode of review,which maintains the unity of the objective legal order,to the concrete mode of review,which favors the protection of rights,in light of the objectives of State policy.