论美国法本土化在普通法系中的特殊性——以加、澳为比较对象

The Peculiarities of the National Legal Localization of American Law in the Common Law System——Canada and Australia Were Used as the Comparison Objects

美国法的本土化是美国法形成时期移植并改造英国普通法的法律活动。其肇始于早期殖民时代,于19世纪中叶随着美国法体系的形成而结束,主要表现为从适用普通法到批判吸收普通法的过程,其中最重要的事件是19世纪法学家的活动以及美国法典编撰活动。美国法本土化之后,独立的美国法体系得以形成,并由于其本土化的特殊情况,展现出了与英美法系其他国家如澳大利亚、加拿大法律本土化的不同倾向。

The localization of American law was a history of the formation of American law,which involved the transplantation and transformation of English common law.It began in the early colonial era and ended in the mid-19th century with the formation of the American legal system.The localiza-tion mainly manifested in the process from applying common law to criticizing and absorbing common law.The most important events were the activities of 19th-century jurists and the com-pilation of the American Code.After the localization of American law,an independent American legal system was formed,and due to its unique localization situation,it showed a different ten-dency towards legal localization compared to other countries in the Common law system such as Australia and Canada.