我国国际商事调解协议的执行问题研究

Research on the Enforcement of International Commercial Settlement Agreements in China

执行是法律的生命。随着我国积极推动“一带一路”建设,跨国经贸往来日益频繁,这不可避免地带来了国际商事争议的增加。国际商事调解以其特有优势逐渐被各方所认可并已成为解决争议的重要途径。《新加坡调解公约》的颁布建立了国际商事调解协议强制执行机制,我国虽早已加入该公约,但我国目前的国际商事调解协议的执行制度尚未得到妥善构建,既缺乏国内法的专门规范,又与《新加坡调解公约》的执行制度存在较大冲突,难以实现有效衔接。我国国际商事调解协议在执行环节面临着调解协议性质认定存在争议、执行前的调解协议审查指导员缺位、调解员资质认证不明等问题,严重阻碍了我国国际商事调解制度的健康发展。从我国现有国情出发,分别从实行国内与国际商事调解协议双轨制、建立国际商事调解协议审查制度、建立调解人才队伍以及完善法律制度以实现优化我国的国际商事调解协议执行制度并与国际接轨。

Enforcement is the lifeblood of the law.With China actively promoting the Belt and Road Initiative,cross-border trade and commerce have become increasingly frequent,inevitably leading to a rise in international commercial disputes.Recognizing its unique advantages,international commer-cial mediation has gradually gained recognition as an important means of resolving disputes.The establishment of the enforcement mechanism for international commercial settlement agree-ments under the Singapore Convention on Mediation has provided a legal framework for compul-sory enforcement.Although China has long been a party to the Convention,the current enforce-ment system for international commercial settlement agreements in China has not yet been prop-erly constructed,and it lacks specific norms in domestic law and is in great conflict with the en-forcement system of the Singapore Convention on Mediation,making it difficult to achieve effective convergence.China’s international commercial settlement agreements in the implementation of the disputes faced in the nature of the settlement agreements,the lack of pre-enforcement of the settlement agreements review instructor,the mediator qualification certification is unclear and other issues,which seriously hindered the healthy development of China’s international commer-cial mediation system.From the perspective of China’s existing national conditions,the enforce-ment of a dual-track system for domestic and international commercial settlement agreements,the establishment of a review system for international commercial settlement agreements,the establishment of a mediation talent team,and the improvement of the legal system will optimise China’s system for the enforcement of international commercial settlement agreements and bring it into line with international standards.