四川省通江县2015年和2022年土源性线虫感染监测结果对比分析

Comparative analysis of monitoring results of soil-transmitted nematode in Tongjiang county of Sichuan province in 2015 and 2022

目的了解2015年和2022年四川省通江县土源性线虫感染情况及其变化趋势,为制定防治措施提供科学依据。方法采取分层随机整群抽样方法,将县域按地理方位划分为东、西、南、北、中5个片区,每个片区随机抽取1个乡(镇)的1个行政村作为监测点,每个监测点以自然村为单位整群抽取3周岁及以上常住居民不少于200人作为监测对象。收集监测对象粪便样本(≥30 g),采用改良加藤厚涂片法一粪两检,检查土源性线虫虫卵并计数,3~9周岁儿童加做透明胶纸肛拭法检测蛲虫卵。结果2015年和2022年土源性线虫感染率分别为11.19%和2.03%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=70.138,P<0.001);钩虫感染率2022年低于2015年(χ^(2)=62.967,P<0.001),蛔虫感染率2022年低于2015年(χ^(2)=4.612,P<0.05);2022年未发现鞭虫感染;2年均未发现蛲虫感染。男性(χ^(2)=29.926)和女性(χ^(2)=40.668)2年感染率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001);2年感染人群均以≥60岁人群为主;20岁~组在2个年度均未发现感染者,其余各年龄组的感染率均为2022年低于2015年,其中40岁及以上各年龄组2年间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);2年感染人群均以农民为主,文化程度均为初中以下。结论通江县土源性线虫感染防控力度仍需加强,需切实开展健康教育,推进改水改厕惠民工程,大力改善人居环境,加强专业化防治队伍建设,从而达到有效控制土源性线虫感染率的目标。

Objective To understand the prevalence and trend of soil-transmitted nematode in Tongjiang county of Sichuan province in 2015 and 2022,and provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and control measures.Methods The whole county was divided into five areas according to geographical position:east,west,south,north and middle.An administrative village was randomly selected in one township which was also randomly selected from each area,and no less than 200 permanent residents aged 3 years and above were selected as the monitoring objects in the village,with the stratified random cluster sampling method.Each fecal sample(≥30 g)was collected from one monitoring object,and one fecal sample was tested twice for counting nematode eggs with the improved Kato-Katz thick smear method,and tested the pinworm eggs in the children aged 3-9 years with transparent adhesive tape anal swab method.Results The prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode infections was 11.19%in 2015,and 2.03%in 2022 in Tongjiang county,with statistical difference(χ^(2)=70.138,P<0.001).The infection rate of hookworm in 2022 was lower than that in 2015(χ^(2)=62.967,P<0.001).The infection rate of ascaris lumbricoides in 2022 was lower than that in 2015(χ^(2)=4.612,P<0.05).No trichuris trichiura infection was found in 2022,and no enterobius vermicularis infection was found in both years.The differences were statistical(P<0.001)between the infections of 2 years in the male(χ^(2)=29.926),and in the female(χ^(2)=40.668).Most infected people were 60 years old and elder in both years.No infector found in the age group of 20-year in both years,and the infection rates of other age groups in 2022 was lower than that in 2015,with statistical differences in every age groups of 40-years and above(P<0.05).Farmers were the main infectors,and the education level of all infectors were lower than junior high school.Conclusions The prevention and control of soil-transmitted nematode in Tongjiang county still needs to be strengthened in Tongjiang county.It is necessary to carry out health education,promote the project of water and toilet improvement,improve the living environment,and enhance the construction of professional prevention and control teams,so as to achieve the goal of effectively controlling the infection rate of soil-transmitted nematode.