成效与困境:民国南京周边农村经济建设探析(1927—1937)

Achievements and Dilemmas:An Analysis of Rural Economic Construction around Nanjing in Republic of China(1927—1937)

1927年国民政府定都南京,在大力推进“首都建设”的同时,还在南京周边农村展开经济建设活动。其中,交通通信建设和市政工程建设带动了周边农村的基础设施建设和城乡的物资、劳动力交流。此外,政府还在南京周边农村展开了农村道路的修建、金融合作以及水利修建等经济建设活动。这些经济建设项目虽然取得了一定的成效,但并未能从根本上解决南京周边农村经济发展低迷的问题。南京周边农村经济建设所面临的组织散乱、区域规划不合理、忽视农民意愿等种种困境,凸显出南京国民政府在农村区域划分、民众工作协调、组织管理等方面的局限性。

In 1927,the National Government of Republic of China established its capital in Nanjing.While vigorously promoting“Capital Construction”,it also launched economic construction activities in rural areas around Nanjing.Among them,the construction of transportation,communications,and municipal engineering projects promoted infrastructure development in surrounding rural areas,as well as the exchange of materials and labor forces between urban and rural areas.Furthermore,some economic development projects such as rural road construction,financial cooperation,and water conservancy facilities in rural areas around Nanjing were also launched,which achieved certain results but failed to fundamentally solve the pro-blem of sluggish local economic development.The dilemmas encountered during the rural economic development around Nanjing,such as disorganization,irrational regional planning,disregard for farmers wishes,and so on,highlighted the Nanjing National Government s limitations in terms of rural regional division,public work coordination,and effective organization and management.