長期吸煙者的肺功能研究

Lung function studies in long-term smokers

目的瞭解長期吸煙對肺功能的影響,並及早發現慢性阻塞性肺病(chronicobstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)。方法2017年5月~2019年12月,對長期吸煙者進行肺通氣功能檢查,對早期COPD和肺功能異常進行篩查。結果吸煙組199例,非吸煙組73例完成肺功能檢查。吸煙組的1秒率(FEV1/FVC)和FEV1%Pred明顯低於非吸煙組。兩組肺功能異常檢出異常率分别為46.2%和15.1%,吸煙組明顯高於非吸煙組(χ^(2)=22.04,P<0.01),其中COPD檢出率36.2%(95%CI:29.5%~42.9%);保留比率受損肺功能(Preserved ratio impaired spirometry,PRISm)檢出率10.1%(95%CI:5.8%~14.2%)。非吸煙組COPD檢出率6.8%(95%CI:1.1%~12.6%);PRISm檢出率8.2%(95%CI:5.2%~14.5%),吸煙組COPD檢出率明顯高於非吸煙組。結論長期吸煙人群中肺功能異常率高、可能COPD檢出率高。肺功能檢查有助於早期發現COPD和肺功能異常人群,為慢性肺病的早期防治提供依據。

Objective To investigate the effects of long-term smoking on lung function,and the early detection of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods From May 2017 to December 2019,pulmonary function was examined,and the detection rates of COPD and lung function abnormalities were analyzed.Results A total of199 patientsin the smoking group and 73patients in the nonsmoking group completed lung function tests.The 1second rate(FEV 1/FVC)and FEV 1%Pred were lower in the smoking group than in the nonsmoking group.The detection rates of abnormal lung function in two groups were 46.2%and 15.1%,respectively,and those in the smoking group were higher than those inthe non-smoking group(χ^(2)=22.04,P<0.01).In thesmoking group,the detection rate of possible COPD was 36.2%(95%CI:29.5%~42.9%),and that of PRISm was 10.1%(95%CI:5.8%~14.2%).In the nonsmoking group,the detection rate of possibleCOPD was 6.8%(95%CI:1.1%~12.6%)and that of PRISmwas 8.2%(95%CI:5.2%~14.5%).The detection rate of possible COPD was significantly greater in the smoking group than in nonsmoking group.Conclusion Long-term smokers have a high detection rate of pulmonary function impairment and possible COPD.Pulmonary function examination may help to detect early COPD and pulmonary function impairment in the population,providing a basis for the early prevention and treatment of COPD.