常宁市古树资源特征及空间分布

Characteristics and spatial distribution of ancient tree resources in Changning city

【目的】古树是森林资源的重要组成部分,见证了自然地理和人文历史的变迁,与一个地区的自然环境与文化涵养密切相关。为更有效地推进湖南省常宁市的古树资源保护工作,对常宁市的古树资源特征及其空间分布进行调查分析。【方法】以常宁市古树为研究对象,通过实地调研获取研究数据,结合常宁市古树名木信息最新纠偏数据,对常宁市古树名木资源的种类组成、结构特征、生境与生长状况特征以及空间分布格局进行分析。【结果】常宁市现有古树共489株,隶属于27科43属62种,主要以樟科、壳斗科、大戟科为优势科,以樟属、秋枫属、枫香树属为优势属,以樟树、枫香树、重阳木为优势种,常宁市古树名木资源丰富,且具有一定的研究价值。从古树年龄结构来看,常宁市三级古树占比最大,为386株(占总数的78.94%),二级古树和一级古树次之,分别为73株(占总数的14.93%)和30株(占总数的6.13%);古树的树龄总体偏小,其中最大的树龄为815 a。从径级结构来看,常宁市古树的平均胸径为95.86 cm,平均树高为16.92 m,平均冠幅为11.67m。从空间分布格局来看,常宁市古树中分布于平坡、缓坡和斜坡的分别有306、131和21株;生长在红壤、黄壤和紫色土的分别有103、310和76株;有378株分布于海拔0~200m,有65株分布于海拔201~400m,有30株分布于海拔401~600 m,有16株分布于海拔601~800 m;生长于城区、乡村街道和远郊野外的分别有8、133和348株。从常宁市各乡镇古树分布数量来看,西岭镇、塔山乡和庙前镇是拥有古树数量最多的乡镇。从生长状况来看,生长势为正常株的古树共有472株,衰弱株的古树共有14株,濒危株的古树共有3株。【结论】通过对常宁市古树资源进行深入分析,掌握了常宁市古树资源特征与空间分布格局,其分布特征与坡度、土壤、海拔、人口密度有关,为提高古树资源保护工作效率提供了条件和依据。

【Objective】Ancient trees are an important part of forest resources,witnessing the changes in natural geography and human history,and closely related to the natural environment and cultural connotation of an area.In order to more effectively promote the conservation of ancient tree resources in Changning city,Hunan province,a survey was conducted to analyze the characteristics of ancient tree resources and their spatial distribution in Changning city.【Method】The research focused on the ancient trees in Changning city.Research data was obtained through field research,and combined with the latest available data on ancient and valuable trees in Changning city.The objective was to analyze the species composition,structural characteristics,habitat and growth conditions,and spatial distribution patterns of the ancient and valuable tree resources in Changning city.【Result】There were 489 ancient trees in Changning city,which belonged to 27 families and 43 genera and 62 species.The dominant families were mainly Lauraceae,Fagaceae and Euphorbiaceae.The dominant genera were Cinnamomum,Bischofia and Liquidambar.The dominant species included Cinnamomum camphora,Liquidambar formosana and Bischofia polycarpa.In terms of the age structure of ancient trees,Changning had the largest number of the third-grade ancient trees,with 386(78.94%of the total).This was followed by 73 the second-grade ancient trees(14.93%of the total)and 30 the first-grade ancient trees(6.13%of the total).The age of ancient trees was generally young,with the oldest tree being 815 a.In terms of diameter structure,the average diameter at breast height(DBH)of ancient trees in Changning was 95.86 cm.In terms of spatial distribution,there were 306 ancient trees on flat slopes,131 on gentle slopes,and 21 on slopes in Changning city.Additionally,there were 103 ancient trees in red loam,310 in yellow loam,and 76 in purple soil.Furthermore,there were 378 ancient trees in Changning city at altitudes of 0-200 m,65 at altitudes of 201-400 m,and 30 at altitudes of 401-600 m and 16 plants at altitudes ranging from 601 to 800 m.Additionally,there were 8 plants in urban areas,133 plants in rural streets,and 348 plants in remote areas.In terms of the distribution of ancient trees in each township in Changning,Xiling Township,Tashan Township and Miaoqian Township had the highest number of ancient trees.In terms of growth status,there were 472 ancient trees with normal growth potential,14 ancient trees with weakened plants and 3 old trees with endangered plants.【Conclusion】Through an in-depth analysis of Changning city’s ancient tree resources,the characteristics and spatial distribution pattern of Changning city’s ancient tree resources have been grasped,providing conditions and a basis for improving the efficiency of the protection of ancient tree resources.