纳米纤维素的制备及其在复合材料中的应用

Preparation of nanocellulose and its application in composites

纳米纤维素是纤维素基纳米材料,主要有微纤化纤维素、纳米微晶纤维素和细菌纤维素三种类型。它具有天然纤维素可再生、生物可降解、生物相容、稳定的化学性等优点,同时在纳米状态下具有高强度、高比表面积、高结晶度、高透明度、低密度和低热膨胀系数等特性,可以改善和赋予材料光、电、磁等性质,因此被广泛应用于复合材料、精细化工、医药、电子等领域。纳米纤维素的制备主要是运用化学、机械、生物的方法来处理纤维素,从而使纤维素中的无定形非结晶区降解,留下规则的结晶区结构。简单介绍了纳米纤维素的制备方法,及其在复合材料中的应用和展望。

Nanocellulose is a cellulose-based nanomaterial.There are three main types:microfibrillated cellulose,nanocrystalline cellulose and bacterial cellulose.It has the advantages of renewable,biodegradable,biocompatible and stable chemical properties of natural cellulose.Additional,it has the characteristics of high strength,high specific surface area,high crystallinity,high transparency,low density,low thermal expansion coefficient and so on in the nanometer state.It can improve and give the material optical,electrical and magnetic properties.Therefore,it is widely used in composite materials,fine chemicals,medicine,electronics and other fields.The preparation of nanocellulose mainly employs chemical,mechanical and biological methods to treat cellulose,thereby degrading the amorphous and non-crystalline zone in the cellulose and leaving the regular crystal structure.The preparation methods of nanocellulose and its applications and prospects in composite materials were briefly introduced.