软骨细胞线粒体损伤对骨关节炎的影响

The Effect of Mitochondrial Damage in Chondrocytes on Osteoarthritis

骨关节炎(osteoarthritis,OA)的发病机制与机械过载、代谢功能障碍、衰老等多种因素相关,是一组以关节内软骨细胞凋亡、软骨组织纤维化(fibrillations)、滑膜炎症以及骨赘形成为特征的全关节疾病。目前治疗OA的方法包括口服氨基葡萄糖或非甾体类消炎药、关节腔注射透明质酸钠等,这些方法短时间内难以起效,需要长期治疗,医从性较差,有的只能起到暂时的缓解作用而并不具有软骨细胞保护作用,甚至有些还会增加罹患心血管疾病和胃肠道疾病的风险。在OA发展的晚期,患者常常因为疼痛以及关节功能障碍不得不接受关节置换的手术治疗。线粒体功能障碍在OA的发生发展中具有重要作用。近年来研究表明,通过靶向改善线粒体生物发生、质量控制、自噬平衡及氧化应激水平,可保护软骨细胞。因此,较之传统的治疗方法,改善线粒体功能是一种具有潜力的OA治疗方法。本文收集了近年来线粒体在OA中的研究的相关文献,总结潜在致病因素经线粒体途径对于OA发展的影响,并对相关治疗方法加以阐述,以期为OA提供新的研究和诊疗思路。

The pathogenesis of osteoarthritis(OA)is related to a variety of factors such as mechanical overload,metabolic dysfunction,aging,etc.,and is a group of total joint diseases characterized by intra-articular chondrocyte apoptosis,cartilage fibrillations,synovial inflammation,and osteophyte formation.At present,the treatment methods for osteoarthritis include glucosamine,non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate,etc.,which are difficult to take effect in a short period of time and require long-term treatment,so the patients struggle to adhere to doctor’s advice.Some methods can only provide temporary relief without chondrocyte protection,and some even increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and gastrointestinal disease.In the advanced stages of OA,patients often have to undergo joint replacement surgery due to pain and joint dysfunction.Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the development of OA.It is possible to improve mitochondrial biogenesis,quality control,autophagy balance,and oxidative stress levels,thereby exerting a protective effect on chondrocytes in OA.Therefore,compared to traditional treatments,improving mitochondrial function may be a potential treatment for OA.Here,we collected relevant literature on mitochondrial research in OA in recent years,summarized the potential pathogenic factors that affect the development of OA through mitochondrial pathways,and elaborated on relevant treatment methods,in order to provide new diagnostic and therapeutic ideas for the research field of osteoarthritis.