七星关区暴雨天气特征和“三个叫应”阈值研究

Study on Rainstorm Characteristics and "Three Major Call andResponse Mechanisms" Threshold in Qixingguan District

【目的】为适应新形势下高质量发展要求,降低暴雨引发的山洪、地质及城市内涝等灾害影响,更好地服务于地方政府。【方法】利用2016—2022年毕节国家基本气象站和34个地面自动气象观测站逐小时降雨资料,运用统计分析方法对七星关区暴雨天气特征进行分析,结合七星关区应急局提供的灾情数据,研究“三个叫应”阈值。【结果】七星关区年均暴雨站次107.8站,年均暴雨日数19.2 d;统计时段内7月累计出现36个暴雨日为最多,占27%,月暴雨站次峰值出现在7月达231站;暴雨日数、最大日降水量及最大小时雨强存在着明显的时间、空间不连续变化。【结论】通过局地暴雨天气特征与灾情资料结合,应用百分位法对地方“三个叫应”阈值标准进行修订,利用新标准对2023年暴雨天气过程进行检验应用,发现修订后的“三个叫应”标准在地方应急叫应和调度工作时,更具客观性和参考依据。

To meet the requirements of high Chinaty development under the new situation,reduce the impact of mountain torrents,geological and urban waterlogging disasters caused by rainstorm,and better serve the local government,this paper adopts the hourly rainfall data from the National Basic Meteorological Station and 34 ground automatic meteorological observation stations in Bijie from 2016 to 2022 to analyze the characteristics of rainstorm weather in Qixingguan District of Bijie City,Guizhou Province,by means of statistical analysis method.Besides,the threshold of"three major call and response mechanisms"is studied in combination with the disaster data provided by Qixingguan District Emergency Bureau.The results show that the number of average annual rainstorm stations in Qixingguan District is 107.8 with average annual rainstorm days being 19.2 days.During the statistical period,the maximum number of monthly accumulative rainstorm days(36 days)is found in July,accounting for 27%,and the peak number of monthly rainstorm stations is 231 stations in July.The rainstorm days,the maximum daily rainfall and the maximum hourly rainfall intensity all have discontinuous changes in time and space.Based on the combination of local rainstorm weather characteristics and disaster data,the percentile method is used in revising the local"three responses"threshold standard.The new standard is used in testing the 2023 rainstorm weather process,and the result shows that the revised"three responses"standard is more objective and has a reference value for local emergency response and dispatching.