略谈股墟遗址考古布方史与级差网格系统

Brief Discussion on History of Gridding in Excavations at the Yin Ruins and Hierarchical Grid System

般墟遗址考古发掘布方工具,从早期以皮尺和罗盘为主,到目前发展为以全站仪和RTK为主。探方命名也从早期以遗址分区独立编写,到现在使用级差网格系统进行统一编写。般墟级差网格系统即以象限和坐标系统为基础,结合RTK,对般墟遗址进行区域划分,区域内全部虚拟布方,并对探方进行系统化命名,使每个探方具有独立编号。在之后的考古发掘中,按照已经规划好的探方进行发掘,为持续开展殷墟遗址考古工作、研究般墟遗址整体布局提供基础保障。

In excavations of the Yin Ruins,the tools used for gridding were mainly tape measures and compasses in the early days,and now total stations and RTK predominate.The tagging of square,or rectangular,units of exploration ditches has evolved from independent coding based upon the zoning of the sites to today's unified coding based upon hierarchical grid system.The hierarchical grid system of the Yin Ruins is built on the systems of quadrants and coordinates,integrates with RTK,and divides the Yin Ruins into zones,within which virtual gridding and the systematic tagging of units in exploration ditches that gives each unit its unique serial number are realised.In future archaeological excavations,excavation work can be carried out in accordance with the mapped out units in exploration ditches,thus basically guaranteeing continuing archaeological work at the Yin Ruins and the research into the overall layout of the Yin Ruins.