广东省灵芝、铁皮石斛、西洋参三种食药物质重金属暴露风险评估

Risk assessment of the heavy metals by ganoderma lucidum,dendrobium officinale,and American ginseng in Guangdong Province

目的分析广东省3种食药物质灵芝、铁皮石斛和西洋参中重金属污染状况及其健康暴露风险。方法在广东省10个地市采集灵芝及其相关产品(137份)、铁皮石斛及其相关产品(96份)、西洋参及其相关产品(70份)共303份,包括3种物质的鲜品、干制品原料和食品产品,其中广州采集33份、其余9个地市各采集30份。采用电感耦合等离子法进行铅、镉、总汞、总砷的含量测定和分析;根据点评估模型,计算鲜品(按折干率折算)和干制品原料中重金属的平均含量,按照药用和膳食食用两种暴露方式,分别估计3种食药物质的重金属暴露风险。结果作为药膳食用,暴露量高于药用暴露量,其中灵芝、铁皮石斛、西洋参的镉暴露量占每月可耐受摄入量(PTMI)的8.51%、8.72%和8.56%;总汞的暴露量占PTWI的3.51%、0.91%和1.08%。铅暴露的暴露限值(MOE)分别为11.56、7.14和20.94,总砷暴露的MOE值分别为68.34、102.39和152.28。在考虑膳食暴露途径后,通过3种食药物质引起的重金属暴露风险仍在可接受范围内。结论广东省居民通过灵芝、铁皮石斛、西洋参的膳食暴露途径引起的铅、镉、总汞、总砷4种重金属的暴露风险较低。

Objective To analyze the pollution status and exposure risks of heavy metals by three edible traditional Chinese herbal medicine,such as ganoderma lucidum,dendrobium officinale,and American ginseng in Guangdong Province.Methods Fresh and dried raw materials of Ganoderma lucidum,Dendrobium officinale,and Panax quinquefolium,as well as food products,were collected from 10 cities in Guangdong Province.Among them,33 samples were collected in Guangzhou,and 30 samples were collected in each of the other 9 cities.The concentrations of lead,cadmium,total mercury,and total arsenic in the three substances were determined and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma method.Based on the point assessment model,we calculated the average concentrations of heavy metals in fresh(converted at a dry rate)and dried raw materials,and evaluated the health risks according to the medicinal and dietary consumption patterns.Results As the dietary consumption pattern,the exposure levels were higher than the medical consumption pattern,and the cadmium exposure levels of Ganoderma lucidum,Dendrobium officinale and American ginseng accounted for 8.51%,8.72%and 8.56%of PTMI.The exposure levels of total mercury accounted for 3.51%,0.91%,and 1.08%of PTWI.The MOE values of lead exposure were 11.56,7.14,and 20.94,respectively,while the MOE values of total arsenic exposure were 68.34,102.39,and 152.28,respectively.After considering the dietary exposure pathway,the risks of heavy metal caused by the three edible traditional Chinese herbal medicine were still within an acceptable range.Conclusion Residents in Guangdong Province had a lower risks of exposure to lead,cadmium,total mercury,and total arsenic through the dietary exposure pattern of ganoderma lucidum,dendrobium officinale,and panax quinquefolium.