青年社工的职业认同:内驱还是外驱?——基于珠三角地区25所社工机构的调查

Professional Identity of Young Social Workers:Intrinsic or Extrinsic Motivation?A Survey of 25 Social Work Agencies in the Pearl River Delta

伴随社会工作的全面铺开和受重视程度的提高,当前青年社工职业认同的整体水平高于以往研究。从影响因素来看,包括性别、年龄、受教育程度和婚姻状况的个体特征和包括社工工作年限和所在社工机构的规模的职业特征对青年社工的职业认同都有不同程度的影响。而从作用机制来看,个体自身因素和环境因素共同作用于青年社工的职业认同。路径分析表明,个人-组织匹配对青年社工职业认同的效用高于公共服务动机。因此,要提升青年社工的职业认同进而提高社工队伍的职业化水平一方面要注重引导青年社工投身职业,服务公众的“初心”情怀,另一方更要注重创建与优化工作环境,为青年社工提供职业支持资源,提高个人-职业匹配,实现青年社工个人与机构发展的“双赢”。

With the comprehensive expansion and increased attention to social work,the overall level of professional identity among young social workers is higher than that in previous studies.Regarding influencing factors,individual characteristics such as gender,age,education level,and marital status,as well as profes-sional characteristics such as years of social work experience and the scale of the social work agency,all have varying degrees of impact on the professional identity of young social workers.Mechanistically,both individual and environmental factors contribute to the professional identity of young social workers.Path analysis indicates that individual-organization fit has a higher utility for the professional identity of young social workers compared with public service motivation.Therefore,to enhance the professional identity of young social workers and there-by improve the professionalization level of the social work workforce,it is necessary to focus on guiding young social workers to dedicate themselves to the“original aspiration”of serving the public,while also emphasizing the creation and optimization of work environments,providing professional support resources for young social workers,improving individual-organization fit,and achieving a“win-win”situation for the personal develop-ment of young social workers and institutional development.