从“金斗八景”到“庐阳八景”--“庐阳八景”非明清形成考

On the Formation of“Eight Scenic Spots of Luyang”in the Ming and Qing Dynasties:From“Eight Scenic Spots of Jindou”to“Eight Scenic Spots of Luyang”

近人论“庐阳八景”,往往首引所谓明代诗人熊敬八景之诗和清代康熙间庐州府学正朱弦所撰《庐阳八景说》,辗转相沿,皆误以为此八景为明清时期形成之合肥地方名胜。然据现存合肥地区早期方志如明万历元年《合肥县志》及万历三年《庐州府志》等明清时期相关方志艺文所载,此“庐阳八景”最晚源自元代“金斗八景”,明代亦沿用,至清康熙十九年后逐渐习谓“合肥八景”或“庐阳八景”。考明清方志,八景称谓大体相同,各景所附诗文图例亦大体相同,诗歌作者熊敬亦为元人。且“金斗城”为隋唐时期合肥城池别称,“金斗八景”为合肥地区最早之可考名胜系列。

In recent discussions on“Eight Scenic Spots of Luyang”,the first quotes are often from the poetry written by Xiong Jing,a poet in the Ming Dynasty and the essay“Discussion on Eight Scenic Spots of Luyang”written by Zhu Xian,a scholar of Luzhou government during the Kangxi period in the Qing Dynasty.Almost all people mistakenly consider these eight scenic spots as Hefei local scenic spots got formed during the Ming and Qing dynasties.However,according to such existing Hefei local chronicles as Hefei County Chronicles printed in the first year and Luzhou Prefecture Chronicles printed in the third year of the Wanli reign during the Ming Dynasty,“Eight Scenic Spots of Luyang”originated from“Eight Scenic Spots of Jindou”,which got formed as late as in the Yuan Dynasty and got popular in the Ming Dynasty.After the 19th year of the Kangxi reign in the Qing Dynasty,people gradually got used to the expressions of“Eight Scenic Spots of Hefei”or“Eight Scenic Spots of Luyang”.Exploring the local chronicles during the Ming and Qing dynasties,It is found that the names and poems of the eight scenic spots are mainly similar,and the author Xiong Jing of these poems is also a poet in the Yuan Dynasty.Besides,the name“Jindou City”was a nickname for the city of Hefei during the Sui and Tang dynasties,and“Eight Scenic Spots of Jindou”can be taken as the earliest testable scenic series in the Hefei region.