从文人到经师 从经师到文人——清代学术变迁与方苞文化身份嬗变

On the Changes of Fang Bao’s Status:From Scholar to Classic Confucian Master and from Classic Confucian Master to Scholar

方苞一生经历了由诗文向经学的发展转变,经过长期的努力,他成为人们心目中“学行继程朱”的经学家。在雍乾之际,他曾被视作官方经学代表和学术权威。但方苞去世以后,随着十八世纪的中国经学从理学时代走进朴学时代,方苞的经学地位渐遭质疑,甚至否定。清代后期,他的历史身份渐由当世经师褪变为一代文宗。

Fang Bao experienced a transformation from a lover of poetry and prose to a specialized academic.In the people’s eyes at that time,he was a Confucian scholar who studied and practiced Cheng and Zhu’s theories.At the turn of Yongzheng and Qianlong’s reign,he was even regarded as the official representative of classic Confucian school and academic authority.However,after Fang Bao’s death,with the transition from Neo Confucianism to plain learning in the 18th century,Fang Bao’s status as classic Confucian master was gradually questioned or even denied.In the late Qing Dynasty,his historical identity gradually faded from being a Confucian master to a scholar in the eyes of later generations.