论中国古典悲剧的三重审美快感

On the Tragic Pleasure in Chinese Classical Tragedies

中国古典悲剧选择以“弱者”作为悲剧人物,通过表现“弱者”在道德上的正义性、无辜性、利他性,展现悲剧人物在邪恶势力前永不低头的抗争精神、在绝境中永不放弃的追求精神、在大义前崇高的献身精神,并以此凸显出悲剧的崇高感。由于文化传统中具有的乐天知命的乐观精神、惩恶扬善的道德精神与哀而不伤的审美追求,因此中国古典悲剧往往以混合式关目、滑稽性的场面、团圆化结局调和悲剧感。中国古典悲剧的生命力感是在生死之中产生的,这种生命力感既蕴含着对抗死亡的求生意志,又包含着坦然面对死亡和超越死亡的精神。

Chinese classic tragedies choose the weak as main tragic figures to show their moral justice,innocence and altruism.Therefore,their spirit of active struggling,the persevering exploring and the noble sacrificing can be presented entirely when the tragic figures face the evil forces,hopeless situation and righteous cause,which would function as inspiring and shocking audience’s spirit and soul as well as highlight the sublime sense of tragedy.As the easily contented optimism spirit,the moral spirit of punishing the evil and promoting the good and mournful but not distressing aesthetic pursuit embodied in Chinese cultural tradition weaken the sense of tragedy,Chinese classic tragedies often present the characteristics of mixed plots,funnylively scenes and happy endings.Their sense of vitality grows between life and death,which shows both the resistance to death and the spirit of facing death calmly,or even beyond death.