机械清罐的应用及风险控制分析

Application and Risk Control Analysis of Mechanical Cleaning Tank

大型原油储罐是石油炼化企业储存原油的重要设备,油品中密度较大、流动性差的黏稠液体或半固态物质经过长时间沉降、聚集在储罐底部,占据了很大的储存空间,大大降低原油脱水效率,在供料时由于杂质过多常常堵塞过滤器,已严重影响到原油质量和加工效率。同时,储罐运转周期过长,罐内与油品油气接触部位、罐外受空气中二氧化碳、二氧化硫及雨水的冲刷作用下,储罐部分金属结构腐蚀严重,存在安全隐患,且人员进入油罐作业过程中极易引发火灾、爆炸、人员中毒等安全事故。因此,必须提前制定清罐方案,将每一个作业环节存在的安全隐患分析到位,落实安全措施。由于储罐罐容大、原油中成分复杂、检修时间紧张,传统的人工清罐不仅安全风险大,而且不能在规定时间内完成清罐任务,中海石油宁波大榭石化有限公司选择机械清罐代替人工清罐。

Large crude oil storage tank is an important equipment for petroleum ref ining enterprises to store crude oil,the viscous liquid or semi-solid material with high density and poor fluidity settles for a long time and gathers at the bottom of the storage tank,occupying a large storage space,greatly reducing the eff iciency of crude oil dehydration,and often clog the f ilter when feeding due to excessive impurities,which has seriously affected the quality of crude oil and processing eff iciency.At the same time,the operation cycle of the storage tank is too long,and the parts in contact with oil and gas in the tank and the outside of the tank are washed by carbon dioxide,sulfur dioxide and rain in the air,and some metal structures of the storage tank are seriously corroded,and there are safety risks,and it is easy to cause f ire,explosion,personnel poisoning and other safety accidents during the operation of the oil tank.Therefore,it is necessary to formulate the tank cleaning plan in advance,analyze the safety hazards existing in each operation link in place,and implement safety measures.Due to the large capacity of the storage tank,the complex composition of crude oil,and the tight maintenance time,the traditional manual cleaning tank is not only a big safety risk,but also can not complete the cleaning task within the specif ied time,CNOOC Ningbo Daxie Petrochemical Co.,Ltd.chooses mechanical cleaning tank instead of manual cleaning tank.