C7横突入路星状神经节阻滞的超声解剖研究及临床应用

Ultrasonic anatomical study and clinical application of stellate ganglion block via C7 transverse process

目的研究C7横突毗邻高频超声解剖特征及其在星状神经节阻滞(SGB)中的临床应用价值。方法应用高频超声获得52例(共104侧)健康成人双侧C7横突平面超声解剖声像图特征后存储,供术者学习并正确标记各组织结构。选取50例接受超声引导下SGB治疗的患者,将其分为BC7组(学习前25例)和AC7组(学习后25例)。记录2组患者手术时间、SGB成功率、调整针尖次数、麻醉药物剂量及不良反应情况。结果C7平面中观察到的主要肌肉是颈长肌和前斜角肌,描述了迷走神经位于颈动脉鞘内、胸膜位于锁骨下动脉后方、喉返神经位于甲状腺下动脉分支附近的超声解剖关系,星状神经节在椎前筋膜深面,颈长肌外侧、椎动静脉及前斜角肌内侧区域可见扁平状低回声结构,并发出数根低回声神经束声像图特征。2组患者均顺利完成超声引导下SGB,并出现霍纳综合征,SGB成功率为100%。BC7组患者手术时间[(5.36±1.11)min]长于AC7组[(3.08±0.86)min],BC7组患者调整针尖次数[(4.20±1.00)次]多于AC7组[(2.24±0.87)次],BC7组患者麻醉药物剂量[(1.82±0.28)mL]大于AC7组[(1.64±0.22)mL],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论经C7横突入路毗邻结构超声学习后SGB穿刺安全性高,简单易操作。

Objective To investigate the high-frequency ultrasonic anatomical features of the adjacent C7 transverse process and its clinical value in stellate ganglion block(SGB).Methods High-frequency ultrasound was applied to obtain ultrasonographic anatomical sonogram features in the plane of bilateral C7 transverse processes in 52 cases(104 sides in total)of healthy adults and then stored for the operator to learn and correctly label each tissue structure.Fifty patients who underwent ultrasound-guided SGB were selected and divided into the BC7 group(25 cases before study)and AC7 group(25 cases after study).The operation time,SGB success rate,number of adjusted needle tips,dosage of anaesthetic and adverse reaction of patients in both group were recorded.Results The main muscles observed in the C7 plane were the longissimus and anterior scalene muscles,the ultrasonographic anatomical relationships of the vagus nerve located in the carotid sheath,the pleura located posterior to the subclavian artery,and the recurrent laryngeal nerve located in the vicinity of the branches of the inferior thyroid artery are described,and the stellate ganglion was illustrated as a flattened hypoechogenic structure visible on the deep surface of the prevertebral fascia in the region of the external cervical longissimus muscle,vertebral artery and vein,and the medial aspect of the anterior oblique muscle,and emanated the sonographic features of several hypoechoic nerve bundles.Ultrasound guided SGB was completed uneventfully in patients of both groups,and all patients developed Horner syndrome,with the SGB success rate of 100%.The operation time[(5.36±1.11)minutes]of patients in the BC7 group was longer than that in the AC7 group[(3.08±0.86)minutes],the number of adjusted needle tips[(4.20±1.00)times]of patients in the BC7 group was more than that in the AC7 group[(2.24±0.87)times],and the dosage of anaesthetic[(1.82±0.28)mL]of patients in the BC7 group was more than that in the AC7 group[(1.64±0.22)mL],all the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reaction between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion After ultrasonic learning of adjacent structures through C7 transverse process,SGB is safe and easy to perform.