“一带一路”倡议下中国法院适用《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》的研究

Research on the Application of CISG in the Courts of China under the Belt and Road Initiative

《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》(以下简称“CISG”)目前已有97个缔约国,其中超过四分之三的国家位于“一带一路”沿线。CISG作为国际贸易领域最具代表性的国际公约,其所具有的统一性可为“一带一路”倡议下的跨国贸易提供稳定的法律预期。从2013年至2023年,中国法院审理的国际货物买卖合同纠纷涵盖阿塞拜疆、罗马尼亚、土耳其、斯洛伐克等24个“一带一路”沿线CISG缔约国。通过研究发现,中国法院在审理国际货物买卖合同纠纷时,主要根据国际私法规则例如当事人意思自治原则、最密切联系原则将中国法确定为准据法,对CISG的可适用性及其适用规则的认识存在一些不足,从而导致CISG在中国法院的适用率较低(样本中为28%),不利于发挥CISG在促进“一带一路”国际贸易发展中的应有作用。因此,中国法院应积极履行条约适用义务;在涉“一带一路”建设典型案例中增加有关CISG适用方式的案件;明确适用CISG的多重意义,提升法官适用国际条约的能力与水平,从而促进“一带一路”倡议的高质量发展。

The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods(CISG)now has 97 Contracting States,more than three-quarters of which are located along the Belt and Road.As the most representative international convention in the field of international trade,the uniformity of CISG can provide stable legal expectations for transnational trade under the Belt and Road initiative.From 2013 to 2023,Chinese courts heard disputes on contracts for the international sale of goods covering 24 CISG parties along the Belt and Road,including Azerbajan,Romania,Turkey and Slovakia.As the research reveals,there are some deficiencies in the application of CISG by Chinese courts,such as the reliance on the rules of private international lawthe principle of party autonomy and the doctrine of the most significant relationship,the failure to consider the applicability of CISG,and the misunderstanding of the applicable rules of CISG.As a result,the application rate of CISG in Chinese courts is low(28%in the sample),which is not conducive to the due role of CISG in promoting the development of international trade under the Belt and Road Initiative.Therefore,Chinese courts should fulfill the obligation of treaty application.Add cases concerning the application of CISG in the typical cases related to the Belt and Road construction;Understand the multiple effects of applying CISG,so as to improve the ability and level of Chinese courts to apply international treaties and promote the high-quality development of the Belt and Road Initiative.