欧盟碳边境调节机制的影响与中国因应——以“一带一路”高质量发展为视角

The Impact of the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism and China's Response——From the Perspective of the High-Quality Development of“The Belt and Road”

为了预防碳泄漏与维护公平竞争秩序,欧盟推出碳边境调节机制,要求进口商为特定范围内的进口产品购买与排放配额价格挂钩的碳证书。从法律性质来看,该机制以“环保”为名进行贸易规制,是气候单边主义与贸易保护主义结合的产物。以“一带一路”高质量发展视角进行考察,该机制在推动区域碳交易市场建设,强化气候治理约束机制的同时,也将对区域经济合作发展与气候协同治理产生阻碍。基于欧盟碳边境调节机制对“一带一路”高质量发展的影响,中国作为“一带一路”倡议国,整体方案上应当坚持气候治理多边主义的基本立场,统筹推进气候领域国内法治与涉外法治。在具体行动上,中国可以通过国际气候规则与经贸规则互动,推动气候治理国际法治体系统一,进而实现“一带一路”区域乃至全球的绿色可持续发展。

In order to prevent carbon leakage and maintain a fair competition order,the European Union introduced the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism,which requires importers to purchase carbon certificates linked to the price of emission allowances for a specific range of imported products.From the legal point of view,this mechanism is a product of the combination of climate unilateralism and trade protectionism,as trade regulation is carried out in the name of“environmental protection”.Examined from the perspective of high-quality development of"The Belt and Road",the mechanism will not only promote the construction of regional carbon trading markets and strengthen the climate governance constraint mechanism,but also hinder the development of regional economic cooperation and coordinated climate governance.Based on the impact of the European Union Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism on the high-quality development of"The Belt and Road",China,as a"The Belt and Road"Initiative country,should adhere to the basic position of multilateralism in climate governance and coordinate the promotion of domestic rule of law and foreign-related rule of law in the field of climate on the overall scheme.In terms of concrete actions,China can interact with international rules on climate and rules on economic and trade,promote the unification of the international legal system for climate governance,so as to achieve green and sustainable development of"The Belt and Road"region and even the world.